понеділок, 15 квітня 2024 р.

Завдання я

 1. Look  through:

Clauses of Purpose

are introduced with the following words and expressions.

1.   To - infinitive

She went shopping to look for new clothes.

Вона пішла по магазинах шукати новий одяг.

2.   In order to/so as to + infinitive

In order not to/ so as not to + infinitive (щоб) (formal)

He did a postgraduate course in order to/so as to widen his knowledge of international politics.

Він закінчив аспірантуру, щоб розширити свої знання з міжнародної політики.

He wrote the number down in order not to /so as not to forget it.

Він записав номер, щоб не забути його.

3.   So that sb can/will do sth (refer to the present or future) (щоб)

Emma has booked a first-class ticket so that she can will (travel in comfort.

Емма забронювала квиток у першому класі, щоб подорожувати з комфортом.

So that sb could/would do sth (refers to the past)

He recorded the match so that he could watch it later.

Він записав матч, щоб потім подивитися.

Note: in order that sb can/will/could/would do sth has the same structure as so that. However, it is not used very often as it is formal

We will send you the forms in order that you can make your application.

Ми надішлемо вам форми, щоб ви могли подати заявку.

4.   In case + present tense (future or present reference) у випадку

Take your credit card in case you run out of cash.

Візьміть свою кредитну картку, на випадок, якщо у вас закінчиться готівка.

In case + past tense (past reference) у випадку

  He took a jumper in case it got cold

Він взяв джемпер, у випадку, якщо похолодає.

Note: ‘in case’ is never used with will or would

5.   For + noun (when we want to express the purpose of an action)

We went to the doctor’s for a check-up.

Ми пішли до лікаря на обстеження.

6.   For + ing form (when we want to express the purpose or function of sth)

We use a spade for digging.

Ми використовуємо лопату для копання.

7.   With a view to (doing) sth з метою

We bought the house with a view to retiring there.

Ми купили будинок з метою (щоб) жити там на пенсії.

 

 We can express negative purpose by using:

a)   to prevent + noun/pronoun + (from) + ing form

(to prevent sb from doing sth) запобігати, перешкоджати

She covered the sofa with a sheet to prevent it (from) getting dirty.

Вона накрила диван простирадлом, щоб він не забруднився.

b)  to avoid + ing form уникати

They set off early in the morning to avoid getting stuck in traffic.

Вони вирушили рано вранці, щоб не потрапити в пробку.

c)    for fear (that)+ might/would через страх(того)

We didn’t turn on the lights for fear we might be seen.

Ми не вмикали світло, боячись, що нас побачать.

d)  for fear that через страх(того)

She finally ran away for fear that he would kill her.

Зрештою вона втекла, боячись, що він її вб’є.

e)   for fear of doing sth через страх

He got to the station early, for fear of missing her.

Він прийшов на станцію рано, боячись пропустити її.

Завдання а

 1. FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Will + be doing

will be +Ving

We use the Future Continuous for:

1.   Actions which will be in progress at a stated future time

 

She will be translating the text at 5 tomorrow.

She will be translating the text when her mother comes home.

She will be translating the text all morning next Monday.

Sarah will be reading a book for hours on Sunday.

2.   Actions which will definitely happen in the future as the result of a routine or arrangement.

You`d better not call Jane just now. She`ll be heading for the train station.

They'll be visiting their grandparents this weekend.

She will be attending the meeting tomorrow morning.

The bus will be arriving at the station in ten minutes.

 

3.   When we ask politely about someone`s plans for the near future.

Will Helen be using the fax machine for long? I have to send a fax.

Will you be using the computer later? I need to use it soon.

Will your brother be coming to the party tonight?

Will they be leaving early? I wanted to say goodbye before they go.

 

FUTURE PERFECT

Will + have done or

Will have + V3

We use the future perfect for actions which will be finished before a stated future time.

She will have translated the text by 7 tomorrow/ by the time I come/before her friend rings.

Time expressions we use with the future perfect:

Before, by, by then, by the time, till/until (only in negative sentences)

He won`t have repaired my camera until/till the end of this week.

She will have finished her homework by the time her parents arrive.

By next month, he will have completed his project.

They will have left for their vacation before the sun rises.

By the end of the year, I will have saved enough money for a new car.

She will have graduated before her brother starts college.

Time expressions used with the Future Perfect tense:

 

He won't have fixed the leaky faucet until tomorrow.

I will have completed the report by Friday.

They will have decorated the house by the time the guests arrive.

She won't have finished reading the book until next week.

By the time we get there, the movie will have already started.

She will have packed all her belongings by then.

He will have finished his work before the meeting starts.

 

 


FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Will + have been doing or

Will have been + Ving

We use the future perfect continuous to emphasize the duration of an action up to a certain time in the future.

By eight o`clock she will have been translating the text for two hours

By next month, she will have been practicing the piano for ten years.

Before they arrive, she will have been waiting for two hours.

By next year, they will have been living in this city for a decade.

By the end of the week, I will have been working on this project for a month.

середа, 10 квітня 2024 р.

Завдання а

 1. Irregular verbs

2. Revise all tenses

3. Read, translate and learn the words by hear

a theme [θi:m] park -  a park with entertainments, such as games, machines to ride on, restaurants, etc, that are all based on one idea – тематичний парк відпочинку (парк розваг з атракціонами на конкретну тему: казки, космос тощо)

The first Legoland theme park appeared in 1968.

The theme park is located underneath the Harbour Bridge on the northern side.

Many visitors seriously think this is a theme park.

A pint of bitter - бітер (гірке пиво) Пінта гіркого

 

metropolis [mə'trɔpəlɪs] - a very large city, often the capital of a country or region – столиця, центр ділового чи культурного життя, головне, найбільше місто, мегаполіс

Our aim is to make Sydney the musical metropolis of the world.

The largest metropolis of Canada Toronto and its suburbs suffered most.

Hong Kong is an international metropolis and world financial center.

visual ['vɪʒuəl] arts - образотворче мистецтво

In his spare time he likes to study classical music and explore visual arts.

The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture.

 

A wide (great, large) variety [və'raɪətɪ] of - широкий вибір/велика різноманітність

They hold debates on a wide variety of topics.

Students are offered a wide variety of courses in this department.

There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.

 

claim to be something [kleɪm] – заявити, претендувати, стверджувати

I don’t claim to be a feminist, but I’d like to see more women in top jobs.

She claims to be a descendant of Charles Dickens.

He claims to be the rightful owner of the painting.

cuisine /kwɪzˈiːn/ - a style of cooking; кухня (кулінарне мистецтво)

Thai/Italian/Ukrainian/French cuisine

To experience the exciting cultures, fascinating people and exotic cuisine of different lands is something to remember forever.

Venetian cuisine is based on seafood and rice.

sophisticated [sə'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd] - well-educated and having experience of the world or knowledge of culture витончений, вишуканий

She was glamorous and sophisticated, but seemed a little lonely.

She was elegant and sophisticated.

Claude was a charming, sophisticated companion.

Recently her tastes have become more sophisticated.

Covent Garden [ˌkɔv(ə)nt'gɑːd(ə)n] Ковент Гарден (головний лондонський овочевий та квітковий ринок до 1974 р

King's Road - Кінгз-Роуд – головна вулиця, на якій розташовано багато магазинів та бутіків

Chelsea ['ʧelsɪ]; 1) Челсі (фешенебельний район у західній частині Лондона) 2) Челсі (місто в США, штат Массачусетс) 3) Челсі (фешенебельний район Нью-Йорка, на Манхеттені)

when it comes to … - used to identify the specific topic that is being talked about; коли справа доходить до коли справа стосується…

London is incredible when it comes to food.

But problems appear when it comes to smaller companies and organizations.

There's nothing she doesn't know when it comes to computers.

When it comes to fishing, John is an expert.

reasonable – розумний, помірний, прийнятний

 I thought it was a perfectly reasonable question.

They sell good food at a reasonable price.

He tried to think of a reasonable excuse.

I’ll come back when you’re in a more reasonable mood.

No reasonable person believes you.

chainstore (clothing) – мережа магазинів, (які продають одяг).

A chain of supermarkets

A chain of restaurants

A chain of hotels

A chain of computer stores

A chain of grocery stores

unique [ju:'ni:k] – унікальний

Everyone's fingerprints are unique.

Joan has a unique talent for languages.

Every child is unique, with their own needs, preferences and talents.

You will be given the unique opportunity to study with one of Europe’s top chefs.

It is worth doing sth. Варто щось зробити

1.       It's worth having your car serviced regularly to prevent breakdowns.

2.       Is it worth having the house professionally cleaned before the party?

3.       It's worth having your teeth examined by a dentist twice a year.

4.       Is it worth having the dress altered to fit you perfectly?

5.       It's worth having the essay reviewed by your teacher for feedback.

вівторок, 9 квітня 2024 р.

Завдання

 1. The rule

Dare

We use the modal verb dare to express courage (or a lack of it) to do something (usually in questions and negations in present and past):

How dare you say it? – Як ви смієте казати це?

For a while he dared not move. – Деякий час він не наважувався поворухнутися.

No one dare tell him that bad news.

I daren’t go home – my parents will be furious!

NOTE:

Dare can also be used as a normal verb followed by to:

I dared to tell him the truth.

 

Will

We use the modal verb will to express:

a request: Will you show me how to play baseball?

(= Can you show me how to play baseball?)

 

Shall

We use the modal verb shall to suggest:

-        Doing something together with someone else:

Shall we play tennis this afternoon? – Пограємо в теніс в день?

-        Doing something for someone else:

Shall I turn on the lights for you? – Увімкнути вам світло?

 

Had better (not) (краще)

We use had better (not) to give advice and warning in particular situations:

You’d better answer the phone!

You’d better not  be late or he’ll be angry.

 

To be

Is use in two tenses – present and past

 

We use the modal verb to be to express

-        obligation resulting from a previous agreement, plan, schedule, timetable etc.

We were to work two hours every morning. – Ми мали працювати дві години кожного ранку.

We are to meet at the theatre. – Ми повинні зустрітися у театрі.

-        Order or instruction:

You are to go to sleep. – Лягайте спати.

You are not to come here anymore. – Більше сюди не приходьте.

2. Гужва  Task 3 (Viber)

Valya

 1. GB the rule p. 29

2. GB ex. 10 p. 34 

понеділок, 8 квітня 2024 р.

Завдання м

1. GB the rule p. 52 

2. CB exs. 9, 10, 12 p 63

Завдання я

1. Suffix -ee

Суфікс -ee у іменників вказує на зменшену форму чогось або на пасивного суб'єкта дії.

employee – робітник, службовець

trainee – практикант, стажер

payee – одержувач платежу, bootee – дамський черевичок, ie пінетка, домашні черевики

employ – наймати на роботу

train – тренувати

pay – платити

 

boot – черевик


Translate

The interviewee was nervous but answered the questions confidently.

The referee made a fair decision based on the rules of the game.

The teacher marked the absentee students as 'absent' in the attendance register.

As a trustee of the charity, she was responsible for managing its finances.

The new employee was officially welcomed as an inductee during the orientation program.

The company offered a money-back guarantee to the dissatisfied customer.

The prison guards pursued the escapee but he managed to evade capture.

The store issued a refund to the refundee for the defective product.

2. Relative Clauses

(підрядні речення)

with relative pronouns - who/that/which

The man who lives next door is very friendly.

who lives next door – relative clause

A relative clause tells us:

a)  Which person or thing the speaker means:

The man who lives next door… (who lives next door tells us which man)

b) What kind of person or thing the speaker means:

People who live in London can shop at famous department stores like Harrods and Selfridges. (who live in London tells us what kind of people)

Who

вказує тільки на людей, інколи на хатніх тварин (не використовуй в тестах).

I met a man. He can speak six languages.

he who

I met a man who can speak six languages.

This is my cat. He ate my breakfast.

he → who

This is my cat who ate my breakfast.

I know a lot of people. They live in London.

                                                 they → who

I know a lot of people who live in London

Так же можливо вживати that замість who (але не завжди)

The man that lives next door is very friendly

 

That (which)

Вказує  на тварин, предмети та явища.

This is a bus. It goes to your city.

                                                  It → that

This is the bus that goes to your city.

Where are the eggs? They were in the fridge

                                                   they → that

Where are the eggs that were in the fridge?

Замість that можна також вживати which (але не для людей)

Where are the eggs which were in the fridge?

This is the bus which goes to your city.

 

Make one sentence from two. Use who/that/which. Follow the example: A bus goes to the airport. It runs every hour. -

The bus that (which) goes to the airport runs every hour.

3. FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Will + be doing

will be +Ving

We use the Future Continuous for:

1.   Actions which will be in progress at a stated future time

 

She will be translating the text at 5 tomorrow.

She will be translating the text when her mother comes home.

She will be translating the text all morning next Monday.

Sarah will be reading a book for hours on Sunday.

2.   Actions which will definitely happen in the future as the result of a routine or arrangement.

You`d better not call Jane just now. She`ll be heading for the train station.

They'll be visiting their grandparents this weekend.

She will be attending the meeting tomorrow morning.

The bus will be arriving at the station in ten minutes.

 

3.   When we ask politely about someone`s plans for the near future.

Will Helen be using the fax machine for long? I have to send a fax.

Will you be using the computer later? I need to use it soon.

Will your brother be coming to the party tonight?

Will they be leaving early? I wanted to say goodbye before they go.

 

FUTURE PERFECT

Will + have done or

Will have + V3

We use the future perfect for actions which will be finished before a stated future time.

She will have translated the text by 7 tomorrow/ by the time I come/before her friend rings.

Time expressions we use with the future perfect:

Before, by, by then, by the time, till/until (only in negative sentences)

He won`t have repaired my camera until/till the end of this week.

She will have finished her homework by the time her parents arrive.

By next month, he will have completed his project.

They will have left for their vacation before the sun rises.

By the end of the year, I will have saved enough money for a new car.

She will have graduated before her brother starts college.

Time expressions used with the Future Perfect tense:

 

He won't have fixed the leaky faucet until tomorrow.

I will have completed the report by Friday.

They will have decorated the house by the time the guests arrive.

She won't have finished reading the book until next week.

By the time we get there, the movie will have already started.

She will have packed all her belongings by then.

He will have finished his work before the meeting starts.

 

 


FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Will + have been doing or

Will have been + Ving

We use the future perfect continuous to emphasize the duration of an action up to a certain time in the future.

By eight o`clock she will have been translating the text for two hours

By next month, she will have been practicing the piano for ten years.

Before they arrive, she will have been waiting for two hours.

By next year, they will have been living in this city for a decade.

By the end of the week, I will have been working on this project for a month.