8 клас. Завдання на п'ятницю 31 січня

1. Gr. Ex. 10,11 p. 18
2. Повторить все часы группы Present and Past (пишемо тест)

7 клас. Завдання на п'ятницю 31 січня

1. The words by heart:

mouth - [mauθ] – устье

crossway – перекресток

route [ru:t] - маршрут; шлях, курс

rich in sth бути багатим чимсь

mineral resources ['mɪnərəl rɪˈsɔːsiz ] – корисні копалини

deposit [dɪ'pɔzɪt] – родовище, месторождение

coal I [kəʊl] - (кам'яне) вугілля

iron ore ['aɪən ɔ:] залізна руда

oil – нафта

develop [dɪ'veləp] розвивати, удосконалювати; розвиватися, рости;

developed [dɪ'veləpt] (економічно) розвинутий

exporter [ik'spɔ:tə] - експортер

steel I [sti:l] – сталь

product ['prɔdekt] - продукт, продукція

2. Текст разметить и отчитать

3. Понимать содержание текста так, чтобы отвечать на вопросы

Many of the English and Scottish rivers are joined by canals, so that it is possible to travel by water from one end of Great Britain to the other. The Thames has a wide mouth, that's why the big ocean liners can go up to the London port.

     Geographical position of Great Britain is quite good as the country lies on the crossways of the see routes from Europe to other parts of the world. The sea connects Britain with most European countries. The main sea route from Europe to America also passes through the English Channel.

Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources; it has some deposits of coal and iron ore and vast deposits of oil and gas that were discovered in the North Sea.

     Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

     The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament and the Queen as the Head of State.

7 клас. Завдання на четвер 30 січня

1. Читать слова с листа быстро и четко, не забываем об ударении! (на оценку)

mouth - [mauθ] – устье

crossway – перекресток

route [ru:t] - маршрут; шлях, курс

rich in sth бути багатим чимсь

mineral resources ['mɪnərəl rɪˈsɔːsiz ] – корисні копалини

deposit [dɪ'pɔzɪt] – родовище, месторождение

coal I [kəʊl] - (кам'яне) вугілля

iron ore ['aɪən ɔ:] залізна руда

oil – нафта

develop [dɪ'veləp] розвивати, удосконалювати; розвиватися, рости;

developed [dɪ'veləpt] (економічно) розвинутий

exporter [ik'spɔ:tə] - експортер

steel  [sti:l] – сталь

product ['prɔdekt] - продукт, продукція

machinery [mə'ʃi:n(ə)rɪ] - машинное оборудование; машины

electronics [i,lek'trɔniks]  - електроніка

chemical ['kemɪk(ə)l] (chemicals) химикалии, химические препараты

textile I ['tekstail] – текстиль

aircraft ['ɛə,krɑːft] - літак; літальний апарат

navigation [nævi'geiʃ(ə)n] 1) навігація, судноплавство 2) кораблеводіння; літаководіння

equipment [i'kwipmənt] - обладнання; оснащення

chief I [ʧɪ:f] - головний; основний

constitution [kɔnsti'tju:ʃ(ə)n] – конституція

constitutional I [kɔnsti'tju:ʃ(ə)nəl] конституційний

monarchy ['mɔnəki] монархія

parliament [‘pɑːləm(ə)nt] -парламент

the Head of State глава держави

2. Read and translate the text (the third part)

Many of the English and Scottish rivers are joined by canals, so that it is possible to travel by water from one end of Great Britain to the other. The Thames has a wide mouth, that's why the big ocean liners can go up to the London port.

     Geographical position of Great Britain is quite good as the country lies on the crossways of the see routes from Europe to other parts of the world. The sea connects Britain with most European countries. The main sea route from Europe to America also passes through the English Channel.

Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources; it has some deposits of coal and iron ore and vast deposits of oil and gas that were discovered in the North Sea.

     Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

     The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament and the Queen as the Head of State.

8 клас. Завдання на четвер 30 січня

Retell the text

The City

     The City on week-days is the busiest place in London with its numerous banks, offices, insurance companies and different firms. Now you will probably not see the legendary clerk in a dark suit and a bowler hat there. They are in the past. But the City is still the country's business and financial centre and its streets are always full of hurrying people and transport, souvenir street vendors, tourists and policemen.

      Tourists are attracted by the Bank of England, the Stock and the Royal Exchange, the Old Bailey which is the popular name of the Central Criminal Court of London, the Barbican Cultural centre with the Museum of London and the London home of the Royal Shakespeare Company. It is much quieter in the City at the weekend, as nobody lives there, but there are always a lot of people in St. Paul's Cathedral which is the parish church of Commonwealth of Nations and one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. Its construction was completed at the beginning of the 18th century and it replaced the older cathedral that was destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666. The Cathedral is the masterpiece of the famous British architect Sir Christopher Wren whose tomb can be seen in the crypt. It is the seat of the Bishop of London. Besides its significance to the British believers and its beauty, St. Paul's Cathedral has another unique attraction -the Whispering Gallery which runs right round the inside of the lower section of the dome. If someone who is standing near the wall on one side whispers some words, they can be heard near the wall on the opposite side, 32 metres away.

8 клас. Завдання на середу 29 січня

1. Знать содержание текста так, чтобы отвечать на вопросы не глядя в текст
2. GR. Ex. 10 p.18

7 клас. Завдання на середу 29 січня

1. Retell the text

The main nationalities are: English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish. In Great Britain there are a lot of immigrants from former British Asian and African colonies.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round. Winters are not severely cold and summers are rarely hot.

There are no great forests on the British Isles today. Historically, the most famous forest is Sherwood Forest in the east of England, to the north of London. It was the home of Robin Hood, the famous hero of a number of legends.

The rivers of Great Britain are short and of no great importance as waterways. The longest of them are the Severn, 338 km while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one, the "Father of London". It flows through the rich agricultural and industrial districts of the country. London, the capital of Great Britain, stands on it. Britain's principal ports are London, Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow. They have splendid harbours. Owing to the shape of the country, any point in Great Britain is no more than 70 miles from the sea.

2. The words by heart

The Severn ['sev(ə)n] - Северн (река в Великобритании)

Thames [temz] Темза (река в Великобритании)

deep  [di:p] – глибокий

flow  [fləʊ] - текти; литися;

agriculture ['ægrɪkʌlʧə] - сільське господарство

agricultural [‘ægrɪ'kʌlʧ(ə)r(ə)l] – сільськогосподарський

industry ['ɪndəstrɪ] - промисловість, виробництво, індустрія

industrial [ɪn'dʌstrɪəl] - промисловий, індустріальний

principal ['prɪnsəpl] - головний, основний; ведучий, провідний

Liverpool ['lɪvəpu:l] - Ливерпуль (город в Англии)

Manchester ['mænʧɪstə] - Манчестер (город в Англии)

Glasgow ['glɑːzgəu] - Глазго (город и порт в Шотландии)

splendid ['splendɪd] - роскошный, пышный, великолепный, величественный

harbour ['hɑːbə] - гавань; порт

owing to ['əʊiŋ] - завдяки

7 клас. Завдання вівторок 28 січня

1. ОТЧИТАТЬ!

The main nationalities are: English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish. In Great Britain there are a lot of immigrants from former British Asian and African colonies.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round. Winters are not severely cold and summers are rarely hot.

There are no great forests on the British Isles today. Historically, the most famous forest is Sherwood Forest in the east of England, to the north of London. It was the home of Robin Hood, the famous hero of a number of legends.

The rivers of Great Britain are short and of no great importance as waterways. The longest of them is the Severn, 338 km while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one, the "Father of London". It flows through the rich agricultural and industrial districts of the country. London, the capital of Great Britain, stands on it. Britain's principal ports are London, Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow. They have splendid harbours. Owing to the shape of the country, any point in Great Britain is no more than 70 miles from the sea.
2. The words by heart

immigrant ['ɪmɪgrənt] - іммігрант, переселенець

former ['fɔ:mə] - колишній; попередній;

colony ['kɔləni] – колонія

The Atlantic Ocean [ət'læntɪk 'əuʃ(ə)n] - Атлантичний Океан

The Gulf Stream ['gʌlf,stri:m] ; Гольфстрим (тёплое течение в северной части Атлантического океана)

To  influence ['inflʊəns] – впливати

mild [maɪld] - мягкий, тихий, спокойный

severe [si'viə] - суворий, холодний (про погоду, клімат)

severely [si'viəli] - строго, суворо сильно

rarely ['reəli] - рідко, нечасто, зрідка

Sherwood Forest [,ʃə:wud'fɔrɪst] Шервудский лес (старинный королевский лес в графстве Ноттингемшир; с ним связаны легенды о Робин Гуде [Robin Hood])

number ['nʌmbə] – кількість

a number of - деяка кількість

hero ['hi(ə)rəʊ] 1) герой 2) герой, головна діюча особа (фільму)

importance [im'pɔ:(r)t(ə)ns] важливість

waterway ['wɔːtəweɪ] - водний шлях

3. Придумать по предложению со словами:

a number of

importance

to influence sb (sth)

 

8 клас. Завдання вівторок 28 січня

1. Отчитать текст
2. The words by heart

The City

     The City on week-days is the busiest place in London with its numerous banks, offices, insurance companies and different firms. Now you will probably not see the legendary clerk in a dark suit and a bowler hat there. They are in the past. But the City is still the country's business and financial centre and its streets are always full of hurrying people and transport, souvenir street vendors, tourists and policemen.

      Tourists are attracted by the Bank of England, the Stock and the Royal Exchange, the Old Bailey which is the popular name of the Central Criminal Court of London, the Barbican Cultural centre with the Museum of London and the London home of the Royal Shakespeare Company. It is much quieter in the City at the weekend, as nobody lives there, but there are always a lot of people in St. Paul's Cathedral which is the parish church of Commonwealth of Nations and one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. Its construction was completed at the beginning of the 18th century and it replaced the older cathedral that was destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666. The Cathedral is the masterpiece of the famous British architect Sir Christopher Wren whose tomb can be seen in the crypt. It is the seat of the Bishop of London. Besides its significance to the British believers and its beauty, St. Paul's Cathedral has another unique attraction -the Whispering Gallery which runs right round the inside of the lower section of the dome. If someone who is standing near the wall on one side whispers some words, they can be heard near the wall on the opposite side, 32 metres away.

numerous ['nju:m(ə)rəs] - многочисленный, множественный

insurance [ɪn'ʃʊ(ə)rəns] страхование, страховка

firm [fɜːm] – фирма

legendary ['leʤənd(ə)rɪ] – легендарный

clerk [klɑːk] - клерк, офисный служащий

a bowler hat – шляпа – котелок

vendor ['vendɔː] = vender 1) продавец; торговец, (особенно уличный)

Bank of England Английский банк (государственный банк в Англии)

Royal Exchange Королевская биржа (здание лондонской биржи)

London Stock Exchange [,lʌndən,stɔkɪks'tʃeɪndʒ] Лондонская фондовая биржа (то же, что Stock Exchange)

the Old Bailey [,əuld'beɪlɪ] Олд-Бейли (то же, что Central Criminal Court [kɔːt]) по названию улицы в Лондоне, где он находится

Barbican Centre ['bɑːbɪkən(,sentə)] (центр) Барбикан (крупный культурный центр в лондонском районе Барбикан [Barbican ]; включает концертный зал, 3 кинотеатра, театр, картинную галерею, библиотеку, 2 выставочных зала, аудиторию, ресторан; театр является лондонским центром Королевской шекспировской труппы [Royal Shakespeare Company ], а концертный зал - центром Лондонского симфонического оркестра [London Symphony Orchestra ]. Открыт в 1982)

Parish ['pærɪʃ] church — приходская церковь

 British Commonwealth Британское содружество (наций) (устаревшее название Содружества наций)

construction [kən'strʌkʃ(ə)n] - сооружение, строительство, стройка

masterpiece ['mɑːstəpi:s] шедевр

tomb [tu:m] 1) могила 2) а) надгробие; надгробный памятник б) мавзолей; гробница

crypt [krɪpt] - крипта, подземная усыпальница (подземная часть средневекового храма или часовни, служившая для погребения)

significance [sɪg'nɪfɪkəns] значение

the Commonwealth of Nations Содружество наций (объединение Великобритании и ряда государств, большинство из которых являются ее бывшими колониями и доминионами; большая часть этих стран признает главой государства королеву Великобритании; основано в 1931 г.; в 2007 г. членами содружества являлись 53 страны: Антигуа и Барбуда, Австралия, Багамские Острова, Бангладеш, Барбадос, Белиз, Ботсвана, Бруней, Камерун, Канада, Кипр, Доминика, Фиджи, Гамбия, Гана, Гренада, Гайана, Индия, Ямайка, Кения, Кирибати, Лесото, Малави, Малайзия, Мальдивские острова, Мальта, Маврикий, Мозамбик, Намибия, Науру, Новая Зеландия, Нигерия, Пакистан, Папуа – Новая Гвинея, Сент-Китс и Невис, Сент-Люсия, Сент-Винсент и Гренадины, Самоа, Сейшельские Острова, Сьерра-Леоне, Сингапур, Соломоновы Острова, ЮАР, Шри-Ланка, Свазиленд, Тонга, Тринидад и Тобаго, Тувалу, Уганда, Великобритания, Танзания, Вануату, Замбия)

bishop ['bɪʃəp] – епископ

whisper ['wɪspə] 1. шёпот

Whispering Gallery ['wɪspərɪŋ,gælərɪ] "Галерея шёпота" (у основания внутреннего купола собора Павла [St Paul's Cathedral] в Лондоне; знаменита своим акустическим эффектом: слово, сказанное тихо на одной её стороне, слышно у противоположной стены, хотя диаметр купола равен 32 м)

dome [dəum] - купол

3. Придумать по предложению в Present Perfect (Present Perfect Cont.) со словами:

 numerous

 insurance

 firm

 legendary

 clerk

vendor

8 клас. Завдання на п'ятницю 24 січня

1. Gr.B - Read, translate and understand the rule p. 13
2. Gr.B - 8 p.17
3. Изучить употребление слов, выучить их и составить по предложению:
 visible
unstated time
to put emphasis on sth
to mention
exact
duration
stated time - ?
4. Look through the text

II

The City

     The City on week-days is the busiest place in London with its numerous banks, offices, insurance companies and different firms. Now you will probably not see the legendary clerk in a dark suit and a bowler hat there. They are in the past. But the City is still the country's business and financial centre and its streets are always full of hurrying people and transport, souvenir street vendors, tourists and policemen.

      Tourists are attracted by the Bank of England, the Stock and the Royal Exchange, the Old Bailey which is the popular name of the Central Criminal Court of London, the Barbican Cultural centre with the Museum of London and the London home of the Royal Shakespeare Company. It is much quieter in the City at the weekend, as nobody lives there, but there are always a lot of people in St. Paul's Cathedral which is the parish church of Commonwealth of Nations and one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. Its construction was completed at the beginning of the 18th century and it replaced the older cathedral that was destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666. The Cathedral is the masterpiece of the famous British architect Sir Christopher Wren whose tomb can be seen in the crypt. It is the seat of the Bishop of London. Besides its significance to the British believers and its beauty, St. Paul's Cathedral has another unique attraction -the Whispering Gallery which runs right round the inside of the lower section of the dome. If someone who is standing near the wall on one side whispers some words, they can be heard near the wall on the opposite side, 32 metres away.

numerous ['nju:m(ə)rəs] - многочисленный, множественный

insurance [ɪn'ʃʊ(ə)rəns] страхование, страховка

firm [fɜːm] – фирма

legendary ['leʤənd(ə)rɪ] – легендарный

clerk [klɑːk] - клерк, офисный служащий

a bowler hat – шляпа – котелок

vendor ['vendɔː] = vender 1) продавец; торговец, (особенно уличный)

Bank of England Английский банк (государственный банк в Англии)

Royal Exchange Королевская биржа (здание лондонской биржи)

London Stock Exchange [,lʌndən,stɔkɪks'tʃeɪndʒ] Лондонская фондовая биржа (то же, что Stock Exchange)

the Old Bailey [,əuld'beɪlɪ] Олд-Бейли (то же, что Central Criminal Court [kɔːt]) по названию улицы в Лондоне, где он находится

Barbican Centre ['bɑːbɪkən(,sentə)] (центр) Барбикан (крупный культурный центр в лондонском районе Барбикан [Barbican ]; включает концертный зал, 3 кинотеатра, театр, картинную галерею, библиотеку, 2 выставочных зала, аудиторию, ресторан; театр является лондонским центром Королевской шекспировской труппы [Royal Shakespeare Company ], а концертный зал - центром Лондонского симфонического оркестра [London Symphony Orchestra ]. Открыт в 1982)

Parish ['pærɪʃ] church — приходская церковь

 British Commonwealth Британское содружество (наций) (устаревшее название Содружества наций)

construction [kən'strʌkʃ(ə)n] - сооружение, строительство, стройка

masterpiece ['mɑːstəpi:s] шедевр

tomb [tu:m] 1) могила 2) а) надгробие; надгробный памятник б) мавзолей; гробница

crypt [krɪpt] - крипта, подземная усыпальница (подземная часть средневекового храма или часовни, служившая для погребения)

significance [sɪg'nɪfɪkəns] значение

the Commonwealth of Nations Содружество наций (объединение Великобритании и ряда государств, большинство из которых являются ее бывшими колониями и доминионами; большая часть этих стран признает главой государства королеву Великобритании; основано в 1931 г.; в 2007 г. членами содружества являлись 53 страны: Антигуа и Барбуда, Австралия, Багамские Острова, Бангладеш, Барбадос, Белиз, Ботсвана, Бруней, Камерун, Канада, Кипр, Доминика, Фиджи, Гамбия, Гана, Гренада, Гайана, Индия, Ямайка, Кения, Кирибати, Лесото, Малави, Малайзия, Мальдивские острова, Мальта, Маврикий, Мозамбик, Намибия, Науру, Новая Зеландия, Нигерия, Пакистан, Папуа – Новая Гвинея, Сент-Китс и Невис, Сент-Люсия, Сент-Винсент и Гренадины, Самоа, Сейшельские Острова, Сьерра-Леоне, Сингапур, Соломоновы Острова, ЮАР, Шри-Ланка, Свазиленд, Тонга, Тринидад и Тобаго, Тувалу, Уганда, Великобритания, Танзания, Вануату, Замбия)

bishop ['bɪʃəp] – епископ

whisper ['wɪspə] 1. шёпот

Whispering Gallery ['wɪspərɪŋ,gælərɪ] "Галерея шёпота" (у основания внутреннего купола собора Павла [St Paul's Cathedral] в Лондоне; знаменита своим акустическим эффектом: слово, сказанное тихо на одной её стороне, слышно у противоположной стены, хотя диаметр купола равен 32 м)

dome [dəum] - купол

7 клас. Завдання на п'ятницю 24 січня

Retell the text

8 клас. Завдання на четвер 23 січня

Gr.B Ex. 7 p, 17(w)

7 клас. Завдання на четвер 23 січня

1.Retell the text

The full name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a great number of small islands. Their total area is over 314 000 sq. km. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

     Many years ago the British Isles formed a part of the continent. The rocky highlands of Scotland, for example, resemble the Norwegian coast. Another evidence that the islands were the part of the continent is the shallowness of the water between them and the mainland.

The island of Great Britain consists of three main parts: England (the southern and central parts of the island), Wales (a mountainous peninsula in the West) and Scotland (the northern part of the island). Northern Ireland occupies one third of the island of Ireland. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much.

England is the richest, the most fertile and most populated part in the country. There are mountains in the north and in the west of England (one of them is the Pennine Chain), but all the rest of the territory is a vast plain. In the northwestern part of England there are many beautiful lakes. This part of the country is called Lake District.

Scotland is a country of mountains. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. The South, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands.The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. The highest mountain of Great Britain is in Scotland too. Its highest peak is Ben Nevis. It is the highest peak not only in Scotland but in the whole Great Britain as well.

Wales is a country of hills and mountains. The Cambrian Mountains occupy almost the entire area and include Wale's highest point, Mount Snowdon, 1,085 m

II

8 клас. Завдання на понеділок 20 січня

1. Corrections
2. The words for dictation

A community [kə'mju:nətɪ] – пригород, население, вместе живущие люди

to form – создавать, формировать

political unit - политическая единица

Greater London [,greɪtə'lʌndən] Большой Лондон (административно-территориальная единица; состоит из Лондона (London) и частей графств Мидлсекс, Эссекс, Кент, Суррей, Хартфордшир; делится на 32 района и Сити;  площадь 1580 км2; население 7 млн. жителей.

The Thames [temz] р.Темза

To flow [fləu] – течь, литься

To empty - впадать (о реке)

to link – соединять, связывать

а route [ru:t] – путь, маршрут, дорога

to look around – осматривать

a pier [pɪə] – пирс, причал

upper – верхний

get a good overview получить хорошее представление

hustle and bustle – суматоха, шум і гомін; товчія і метушня

the City (the City of London) — Сити, деловой центр Лондона. Сити (исторический центр Лондона; самоуправляющийся административный район в восточной части города; один из крупнейших финансовых и коммерческих центров капиталистического мира; в нём находятся главные банки, Английский банк [Bank of England ], Лондонская фондовая биржа [Stock Exchange ], а многочисленные конторы акционерных обществ; занимает территорию немного больше 1 мили)

The West End [,west'end]  - Уэст-Энд the entertainment and shopping area of London to the west of the City

Westminster (the City of Westminster) ['westmɪnstə] – Вестминстер -  a borough of Greater London, on the River Thames: contains the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, and Buckingham Palace.

The East End [,i:st'end] 1) Ист-Энд (в прошлом портовый рабочий район к востоку от лондонского Сити

financial [faɪ'nænʃ(ə)l финансовый

government ['gʌv(ə)nmənt правительство

industrial [ɪn'dʌstrɪəl] индустриальный, промышленный

borough ['bʌrə] - один из 32-х административных районов Лондона

distinct [dɪ'stɪŋkt] - отдельный; особый, индивидуальный; отличный

3. Retell the text

London - the Capital of Great Britain

I

      The Old City of London and the communities surrounding it form one political unit. This area is called Greater London or simply London.
London covers 1,580 square kilometers. The river Thames flows through the heart of London. The Thames empties into the North Sea. The river thus links London with shipping routes throughout the world.

     Many tourists who visit London for the first time are advised to start looking around the city either from the top of a Grand Tour double-decker bus or from a tour boat that will take you down the Thames as far as Greenwich and bring you back to Westminster or Charing Cross Pier. From the upper deck of the tour bus you'll get a good overview of the hustle and bustle of the huge metropolis with its old and new sights living peacefully next to each other. The bus will take you to all the parts of London: the City, the West End, Westminster and the East End.

     London is divided into 32 boroughs. It is difficult to speak about the centre of London as of one definite place. London doesn’t have just one centre, it has a number of centres, each with a distinct character: the financial and business centre called the City, the shopping and entertainment centre in the West End, the government in Westminster, and the East End, the industrial part of London.

7 клас. Завдання на понеділок 20 січня

1. Read and translate the text

Geographical Position of Great Britain

I

The full name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a great number of small islands. Their total area is over 314 000 sq. km. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

     Many years ago the British Isles formed a part of the continent. The rocky highlands of Scotland, for example, resemble the Norwegian coast. Another evidence that the islands were the part of the continent is the shallowness of the water between them and the mainland.

The island of Great Britain consists of three main parts: England (the southern and central parts of the island), Wales (a mountainous peninsula in the West) and Scotland (the northern part of the island). Northern Ireland occupies one third of the island of Ireland. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much.

England is the richest, the most fertile and most populated part in the country. There are mountains in the north and in the west of England (one of them is the Pennine Chain), but all the rest of the territory is a vast plain. In the northwestern part of England there are many beautiful lakes. This part of the country is called Lake District.

Scotland is a country of mountains. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. The South, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands.The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. The highest mountain of Great Britain is in Scotland too. Its highest peak is Ben Nevis. It is the highest peak not only in Scotland but in the whole Great Britain as well.

Wales is a country of hills and mountains. The Cambrian Mountains occupy almost the entire area and include Wale's highest point, Mount Snowdon, 1,085 m

II

The main nationalities are: English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish. In Great Britain there are a lot of immigrants from former British Asian and African colonies.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round. Winters are not severely cold and summers are rarely hot.

There are no great forests on the British Isles today. Historically, the most famous forest is Sherwood Forest in the east of England, to the north of London. It was the home of Robin Hood, the famous hero of a number of legends.

The rivers of Great Britain are short and of no great importance as waterways. The longest of them is the Severn, 338 km while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one, the "Father of London". It flows through the rich agricultural and industrial districts of the country. London, the capital of Great Britain, stands on it. Britain's principal ports are London, Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow. They have splendid harbours. Owing to the shape of the country, any point in Great Britain is no more than 70 miles from the sea.

Many of the English and Scottish rivers are joined by canals, so that it is possible to travel by water from one end of Great Britain to the other. The Thames has a wide mouth, that's why the big ocean liners can go up to the London port.

     Geographical position of Great Britain is quite good as the country lies on the crossways of the see routes from Europe to other parts of the world. The sea connects Britain with most European countries. The main sea route from Europe to America also passes through the English Channel.

Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources; it has some deposits of coal and iron ore and vast deposits of oil and gas that were discovered in the North Sea.

     Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

     The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament and the Queen as Head of State.

2. The words from the text by heart

total ['təut(ə)l] - весь, цілий; загальний; сукупний

rock [rɔk] -  скеля

highlands -  гірська місцевість

resemble [rɪ'zembl] - бути схожим

evidence ['evɪdəns] - доказ, свідчення

shallow ['ʃæləʊ] - мілкий, мілководний; неглибокий

mainland ['meinlənd] – материк

mountainous ['mauntinəs] – гористий

peninsula [pi'ninsjulə] – півострів

occupy ['ɔkjʊpai] - займати (місце, простір)

surface I ['sɜ:fis] - поверхня; земна поверхня

fertile ['fɜ:tail] - родючий, багатий

populate I ['pɔpjulit] - населяти, заселяти

The Pennine Chain (Pennines) ['penaɪn -] -  Пеннинские горы

vast [vɑːst] - великий, величезний; безбережний

plain [plein] – рівнина

Lake District ['leɪk,dɪstrɪkt] Озёрный край

The Highlands ['haɪləndz] - Северо-Шотландское нагорье, Северная (горная) Шотландия

valley ['vælı] - (гірська) долина

Lowlands ['ləuləndz] Шотландская низменность (район центральной Шотландии в долинах рек Форт и Клайд)

peak [pi:k] - пік, гостра вершина; гора; вища точка

Ben Nevis [ben'neɪvɪs] - Бен-Невис (самая высокая вершина Великобритании (1343 м)

The Cambrian Mountains - Кембрийские горы (Великобритания)

entire [in'taiə] - повний, цілий, весь

point ['pɔint] - місце, пункт, точка

Snowdon ['snəud(ə)n] - Сноудон (гора в Уэльсе)