Завдання mur

 1.

Exercise 3

Fill in the correct word and check.

tour, voyage, journey, trip

Every weekend there are free guided ___ around the castle.

It was a difficult ___, especially in the winter months.

Last summer we went on a ___ of Africa.

The ship made the 4,000-kilometre ___ across the Atlantic.

We are going on a ___ to a strange country.

We took a bus ___ to Manchester.

We’re thinking of taking a ___ to the mountains.

The ___from England to India used to take six months.

2. the words for dictation

explore [ɪk'splɔː ], [ek-] - to go around a place where you have never been in order to find out what is there; досліджувати, вивчати

The children love exploring.

The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.

The town is a good base from which to explore this charming corner of Italy.

for instance ['ɪnstəns] – наприклад

Many teenagers earn money, for instance, by babysitting or cleaning cars.

What would you do, for instance, if you found a member of staff stealing?

Fournier Street-вул Фурньє

Lloyd's building - "Ллойд", "Лондонський Ллойд" (морське страхове об'єднання)

old-fashioned [əuld'fæʃ(ə)nd] –not modern; старомодний, застарілий

She wears really old-fashioned clothes!

The idea seems rather old-fashioned now.

The room was full of big old-fashioned furniture.

I can’t wear that dress – it’s too old-fashioned.

 

a theme [θi:m] park -  a park with entertainments, such as games, machines to ride on, restaurants, etc, that are all based on one idea – тематичний парк відпочинку (парк розваг з атракціонами на конкретну тему: казки, космос тощо)

The first Legoland theme park appeared in 1968.

The theme park is located underneath the Harbour Bridge on the northern side.

Many visitors seriously think this is a theme park.

A pint of bitter - бітер (гірке пиво) Пінта гіркого

 

metropolis [mə'trɔpəlɪs] - a very large city, often the capital of a country or region – столиця, центр ділового чи культурного життя, головне, найбільше місто, мегаполіс

Our aim is to make Sydney the musical metropolis of the world.

The largest metropolis of Canada Toronto and its suburbs suffered most.

Hong Kong is an international metropolis and world financial center.

visual ['vɪʒuəl] arts - образотворче мистецтво

In his spare time he likes to study classical music and explore visual arts.

The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture.

 

A wide (great, large) variety [və'raɪətɪ] of - широкий вибір/велика різноманітність

They hold debates on a wide variety of topics.

Students are offered a wide variety of courses in this department.

There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.

 

claim to be something [kleɪm] – заявити, претендувати, стверджувати

I don’t claim to be a feminist, but I’d like to see more women in top jobs.

She claims to be a descendant of Charles Dickens.

He claims to be the rightful owner of the painting.

Cuisine /kwɪzˈiːn/ - a style of cooking; кухня (кулінарне мистецтво)

Thai/Italian/Ukrainian/French cuisine

To experience the exciting cultures, fascinating people and exotic cuisine of different lands is something to remember forever.

Venetian cuisine is based on seafood and rice.

sophisticated [sə'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd] - well-educated and having experience of the world or knowledge of culture витончений, вишуканий

She was glamorous and sophisticated, but seemed a little lonely.

She was elegant and sophisticated.

Claude was a charming, sophisticated companion.

Recently her tastes have become more sophisticated.

Covent Garden [ˌkɔv(ə)nt'gɑːd(ə)n] Ковент Гарден (головний лондонський овочевий та квітковий ринок до 1974 р

King's Road - Кінгз-Роуд – головна вулиця, на якій розташовано багато магазинів та бутіків

Chelsea ['ʧelsɪ]; 1) Челсі (фешенебельний район у західній частині Лондона) 2) Челсі (місто в США, штат Массачусетс) 3) Челсі (фешенебельний район Нью-Йорка, на Манхеттені)

when it comes to … - used to identify the specific topic that is being talked about; коли справа доходить до … коли справа стосується…

London is incredible when it comes to food.

But problems appear when it comes to smaller companies and organizations.

There's nothing she doesn't know when it comes to computers.

When it comes to fishing, John is an expert.

3. Study, read, translate and try to learn

reasonable – розумний, помірний, прийнятний

 I thought it was a perfectly reasonable question.

They sell good food at a reasonable price.

He tried to think of a reasonable excuse.

I’ll come back when you’re in a more reasonable mood.

No reasonable person believes you.

chainstore (clothing) – мережа магазинів, (які продають одяг).

A chain of supermarkets

A chain of restaurants

A chain of hotels

A chain of computer stores

A chain of grocery stores

unique [ju:'ni:k] – унікальний

Everyone's fingerprints are unique.

Joan has a unique talent for languages.

Every child is unique, with their own needs, preferences and talents.

You will be given the unique opportunity to study with one of Europe’s top chefs.

Gear /ɡɪər/(uncountable, singular) - the clothes and equipment used for a particular purpose спорядження, приладдя;

sports/swimming gear

I've left all my gear at home.

He’s crazy about photography – he’s got all the gear.

 We’ll need some camping gear.

rave gear - одяг для рейверів (для вечірок)

a wallet ['wɔlɪt] a small, flat container for paper money and credit cards (= plastic cards used for paying with), usually used by a man; гаманець

He took a credit card out of his wallet.

I remembered that in the school bag there was my wallet with $100 in it, and all my anatomy textbooks.

I’ve only got about £10 in my wallet.

to head (for, towards, back); head north (west, east, south) – to go in a particular direction; прямувати до

He headed straight for (= went towards) the fridge.

The ship was heading for Cuba.

She headed towards the library.

Let's head back home.

We headed south towards the capital.

Harrods ['hærədz] "Харродз" (один із найфешенебельніших і найдорожчих універсальних магазинів Лондона)

Harvey Nichols [,hɑːvɪ'nɪkəlz] "Харві Ніколз" (фешенебельний універмаг у Лондоні в районі Найтсбрідж)

Exclusive /ɪksˈkluːsɪv/ - expensive and only for people who are rich or of a high social class; ексклюзивний, привілегований

 They have an apartment in a very exclusive part of the town.

Our figure skating club has exclusive use of the rink on Mondays.

His mother has told ‘The Times’ about his death in an exclusive interview

Bohemian /bəʊˈhiːmiən/ - typical of artists, musicians, etc, who live in a more informal way than most people; богемний

He organized a real bohemian club for intellectuals, artists and wealthy collectors.

To complete the look, add a bohemian scarf - silk with embroidery.

She spent most of her life in Europe, enjoying a bohemian life in Paris in the early 1920s.

To squeeze - to move somewhere where there is very little space; to press something firmly протиснутися, стискати, вичавлювати

Squeeze a bit of lemon juice onto the fish.

He had squeezed through a gap in the fence.

One of the woman's shoulders was squeezed between the two doors.

The house was squeezed between 2 buildings.

Entire Trakai town is squeezed between multiple lakes and therefore is long and narrow.

Clean (sth/sb)up - to make a person or place clean and tidy; привести до ладу, прибрати, очистити

We have to clean up before we leave.

Let me just go clean myself up.

The authorities plan to clean the beaches up.

To gurgle - булькати, гукати, дзюрчати

The washing machine gurgled as it changed cycles.

We could hear the stream gurgling down in the valley.

Water gurgled through the pipes.

Pavement - a path by the side of a road that people walk on; дорожне покриття, тротуар

It's illegal to park on the pavement.

A small group of journalists waited on the pavement outside her house.

What annoys me is that everyone parks on the pavement in front of our house.

In order to do sth - для того, щоб зробити щось

She worked all summer in order to save enough money for a holiday.

Samuel trained every day in order to improve his performance.

 In order to understand how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry.

Experience [uncountable] - knowledge that you get from doing a job, or from doing, seeing, or feeling something; досвід

I had some experience in fashion design.

Do you have any previous experience of this type of work?

We’re looking for someone with experience as a teacher.

An experience[countable]   - something that happens to you that affects how you feel; враження, переживання

My trip to Australia was an experience I'll never forget.

Failing an exam was a new experience for me.

 I had a similar experience last year.

Despite - незважаючи на

I'm still pleased with the house despite all the problems we've had.

He still loves her, despite the fact that she left him.

Despite all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it.

4. The rule

ВЖИВАННЯ PAST CONTINUOUS

У назві є слово PAST, а це означає, що дія відбувалась:

1.    Yesterday – вчора

2.    The day before yesterday – позавчора

3.    Last week (month, year) – минулого тижня (місяця, року)

4.    An hour ago – годину тому

5.    Two days ago – два дні тому

6.    On Monday – у понеділок

7.    In July – у липні

8.    In 2001 – у 2001 році

9.    The other day – цими днями і т.і.

 

Але, це ще і CONTINUOUS TENSE, а це означає, що дія тривала.

 

І так,  the Past Continuous tense вживається:

 

1. Для вираження дії, що тривала (відбувалась) у певний момент у минулому. Цей момент позначається словами типу:

at five o`clock

at midnight

at noon

at this moment

at that moment

this time

або підрядним реченням у Past Simple типу:

when my mother came;

when the telephone rang;

when I saw him

when I met her і т.п.

She was sitting at the table when the telephone rang.

I was doing my homework when my mother came.

He was riding the bike at noon yesterday.

 

2. Для вираження дії, що тривала (відбувалась) протягом якогось періоду часу в минулому. Цей період позначається словами типу:

From 7 till 8

The whole day (evening, morning, night etc.)

All morning (evening, day, night)

I was speaking to my business partner the whole morning yesterday.

We were waiting in the car from 5 till 6.

 

3. Для вираження двох і більше дій, які тривали одночасно в минулому. Здебільшого такі речення з’єднуються словом while:

 I was doing my homework while my sister was playing with her toys.

 

4. Для вираження дії, що тривала у минулому, а інша її перервала.

Jack was walking the dog when he saw Dave.

 

5. Якщо ми описуємо події, що є фоном основних подій у минулому.

The sun was shining brightly. The wind was blowing and the birds were singing when I heard a strange noise.

6. Повторні дії в минулому, що вказують на роздратування (з always, often, constantly, continuously)

The teacher was always telling us to be quiet in class. Вчитель завжди казав нам поводитися тихо на уроках.

He was always interrupting me when I was talking. – Він завжди (постійно) мене переривав, коли я говорив.

 

7. Для вираження запланованих дій в минулому, що, однак, не відбулися. Часто в таких реченнях використовуються дієслова mean (збиратися, мати намір), intend (мати на меті, збиратися, задумати), hope (сподіватися), expect (очікувати), think (думати, гадати), plan (планувати).

 

I was hoping to meet her at the bookstore but she didn’t come. – Я сподівався зустріти її в книжковому магазині, але вона не прийшла.

My mother was thinking of cooking a pie but we wanted some pizza. – Моя мати думала приготувати пиріг, але ми хотіли піццу.

5. Голіцинський ex.232 p. 191