Valya

 1. Irregular verbs

2. The words for dictation

3. the words by heart

4. Make your sentences with the words:

to be wounded

to manage (комусь вдалося)

to face

the only problem...

5. повторити, коли вживається Past Simple, а коли Present Perfect

6. Павліченко exs. 22, 23 p. 78

Завдання

 1. Study the rule with the examples

MIXED CONDITIONALS

We can form mixed conditionals, if the context permits it, by combining an if-clause from one type with a main clause from another.

If-clause	Main clause
Type 2 If she got back late last night,   Type 2 If you were more sensible,     Type 3 If she hadn’t missed the bus,	Type 1 she won’t come to work today.   Type 3 you wouldn’t have spoken to your boss like that.   Type 2 She would be here now.

 

If-clause (type 2) – Main clause (type 1)

If he got back late last night, he won't come to work today.

Якщо він повернувся вчора пізно ввечері, він сьогодні не прийде на роботу.

If you ruined my shirt, I will kill you.

Якщо ти зіпсував мою сорочку, я тебе вб'ю.

If they took an umbrella, they won’t get wet.

Якщо вони взяли парасольку, то не промокнуть.

Translate:

Якщо він спізнився на поїзд, він запізниться.

(If he missed the train, he will be late.)

Якщо він обманював під час іспиту, у нього будуть серйозні проблеми.

(If he cheated during the exam, he’ll be in serious trouble.)

 Якщо ніхто не купив молоко, я не буду снідати пластівцями.

(If nobody bought milk, I won’t have cereal for breakfast.)

 

If-clause (type 2) – Main clause (type 3)

It's really important. If it wasn't (weren’t), I wouldn't have called you on your holiday.

Це справді важливо. Якби так не було, я б не дзвонила тобі на твоє свято.

If Sam spoke English, he would have translated the letter for you.

Якби Сем говорив англійською (взагалі), він би переклав вам листа.

But Sam doesn't speak English and that is why he didn't translate the letter.

If I didn't have to work so much, I would have gone to the party last night.

Якби мені не довелося так багато працювати, я б пішов на вечірку вчора ввечері.

But I have to work a lot and that is why I didn't go to the party last night.

Translate:

Якби ти був уважніший, ти б вчора здав іспит.

(If you were more attentive, you would have passed the exam yesterday.)

Якби я не боявся павуків, я б його підняв.

(If I weren’t (wasn't) afraid of spiders, I would have picked it up.)

Якби я був хорошим кухарем, я б запросив їх на обід.

(If I were a good cook, I'd have invited them to dinner.)

Якби він не був французом, він би не переїхав до Парижа.

(If he weren’t French, he wouldn’t have moved to Paris.)

If-clause (type 3) – Main clause (type 2)

 If I had studied harder (in the past), I would be more confident now.

Якби я старанніше вчився (раніше, в минулому), зараз був би впевненішим.

If you had listened to me (in the past), you wouldn't be in trouble now.

Якби ти послухався мене (в минулому), зараз у тебе не було б проблем.

If I hadn’t met Charles (in the past), I wouldn’t be here now.

Якби я не зустріла Чарльза (в минулому), мене б зараз тут не було.

Translate:

Якби я виграв у лотерею, я був би багатим зараз.

(If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.

But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now.)

Якби я вивчав французьку мову в школі, у мене було б більше можливостей для роботи.

(If I had taken French in school, I would have more job opportunities.

But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities.)

Якби вона народилася в Сполучених Штатах, їй не потрібна була б віза для роботи тут.

(If she had been born in the United States, she wouldn't need a visa to work here.

But she wasn't born in the United States and she does need a visa now to work here.)

2. Only 2+3 and 3+2

3. GB ex. 2 p. 40; exs. 5,6 p. 41

Valya

 1. Irregular verbs

2. Study the rule:

THE + ADJECTIVE

The structure the + adjective is used to talk about some well-known groups of people.

These expressions are always plural

The blind (all blind people) - people who are unable to see:

She trains dogs for the blind (for all blind people).

The deaf - глухі

He goes to a school for the deaf.

The eldery (all old people)

The city is building new housing for the elderly.

The disabled (недієздатні)

They are demanding equal rights for the disabled.

The unemployed – безробітні

Our department provides services for the unemployed.

The dead

The injured

The rich

The poor

3. Translate:

The creative often find inspiration in the world around them.

The famous are constantly in the public eye.

The unemployed often have financial problems.

The rich often live in extravagant mansions or luxurious penthouses

The injured often face physical pain and discomfort.

The homeless don't have a place to live and often sleep on the streets.

The educated often have more job opportunities.

The blind often use guide dogs in their daily activities.

There is a school for the deaf in our town.

The rich have more money than the poor.

4. The words for dictation (part I)

5. The words by heart (part II)

Make your sentences with the words:

next to

even though

get along (with)

6. Знайди транскрипцію, вичитай слова, читай та перекладай вправу 

Wound – рана, поранити

To be wounded бути пораненим

He was badly wounded in the attack.

wounded soldiers

There was blood pouring down his face from a head wound.

It took several months for his wounds to heal.

They say that time heals all wounds.

The only thing/problem/ difference/ explaination/person/place (I think about) is… - едина

But the only thing (I think about) is they are really small.

In fact, the only problem is deciding where to start.

The only reason for this crisis is poor planning.

To damage - to harm or spoil something: пошкодити

Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.

It was a scandal that damaged a lot of reputations.

Certain chemicals have been banned because they are damaging the environment.

Confidence - впевненість

His training has given him the confidence to deal with any problem that arises.

I didn’t have any confidence in myself.

Good training will give a beginner the confidence to enjoy skiing.

Mature – зрілий, дорослий; completely grown or developed

She seems very mature for thirteen.

The human brain isn’t fully mature until about age 25.

Most girls are sexually mature by about 14 years of age.

Mature apple trees are typically 20 feet tall.

 To manage – керувати, управляти, направляти, контролювати

He used to manage the bookshop on King Street.

He will be managing a staff of about 1,500.

(He managed to persuade her not to go there.) – йому вдалося…

To face ( sth) стикатися (з чим-небудь)

Emergency services are facing additional problems this winter.

 The president faces the difficult task of putting the economy back on its feet.

 McManus is facing the biggest challenge of his career.

 As the project comes to an end, many workers now face an uncertain future.

7. Слова з якими вживається і не вживається present perfect

Завдання

 1. Study the rule and do the exercises 

We don’t normally use will, would or should in an if-clause. However,

1)   we can use will or would after if to make a polite request or suggestions .

 

For example:

if you will wait a minute, Mr Carrington will be able to see you. (will you please wait … - polite request)

 

Read, translate and explain why we use will or would in an if-clause:

If you will excuse me, I need to make an important phone call.

If you would be so kind as to help me with this task, I will be grateful.

If you will allow me, I'd like to share a few thoughts on the matter.

 

2)   we can use will or would after if to express insistence, determination (рішучість, щось зробити), or a strong reaction to a specific behavior or action.

For example:

if you will go on making so much noise, I’ll send you out.

(If you insist on making … - insistence)

 

Read, translate and explain why we use will or would in an if-clause:

If you will continue to arrive late, we'll have to take disciplinary action.

If you will keep interrupting me, I won't be able to finish my explanation.

If you will not cooperate, we cannot move forward with the project.

 

3)   we can use will or would after if to express uncertainty (usually with expressions such as I don’t know, I doubt, I wonder, etc.) In this case if means whether.

 

For example:

I wonder if he will call me tomorrow.

(I wonder whether … - uncertainty)

(I say: “Will he call me tomorrow?” – direct speech

I wonder if he will call me tomorrow. – indirect speech)

 

Read, translate and explain why we use will or would after if:

I'm not sure if she will be able to attend the meeting tomorrow.

I doubt if they would agree to the proposed changes.

I wonder if it will rain this weekend.

4.    we can also use should after if to talk about something which is possible, but not very likely to happen. It indicates a hypothetical situation with a low probability, where the speaker doesn't expect the event to occur.

If Paul should turn up, tell him to wait for me.

(I don’t really expect Paul to turn up.)

 

Read, translate and explain why we use should in an if-clause:

If it should rain, we will have to postpone the outdoor event.

If she should win the competition, she will receive a cash prize.

If he should change his mind, let me know immediately.

 Exercise. Fill in will (would) or should and explain your choice and write one sentence for each item

         If the plan ___ fail, we will have learned valuable lessons for the future.

I'm uncertain if he ___ be interested in joining us for dinner.

If you ___ please turn down the volume, I will concentrate better.

If you ___ not listen to my advice, you will face the consequences.

If you ___ continue to argue with me, I will have to end the discussion.

If the train ___ be delayed, we will have to find an alternative mode of transportation.

I don't know if she ___accept the job offer.

If you ___ pardon my interruption, may I offer a different perspective?

If you ___ keep making excuses, I won't be able to help you anymore.

2.  GB ex. 3 p. 40 (don't forget about the rule above)

Valya

 1. Irregular verbs

2. Повторити доконаний і недоконаний вид дієслова з матусею.

3. The words by heart

4. Знайди транскрипцію, вичитай слова, читай та перекладай вправу 

Masculine - having qualities that are typical of men мужній, сильний чоловічий a masculine appearance/voice

She has a very masculine voice.

 Hunting was a typically masculine occupation.

Violence is an extreme form of traditionally masculine behaviour.

Masculine nouns are words for men, boys and male animals. Feminine nouns are words for women, girls and female animals.

Even though - незважаючи на; хоча

Even though it was cold, we went to the seaside.

Even though he was not hungry, he accepted the invitation to dinner.

Even though he never completed college, he runs a successful software company.

On equal terms (with sb/sth) - На рівних умовах

having the same rights, treatment, etc.:

All companies will compete for the government contract on equal terms.

This law will help small businesses to compete on equal terms with large multinational corporations.

Athletes need to know they are competing on equal terms.

To give up (sth) or give up doing sth - If you give up a habit such as smoking, or give up something unhealthy such as alcohol, you stop doing it or having it.

кидати, відмовлятися від чогось

She gave up her job and started writing poetry.

I gave up trying to persuade him to continue with his studies.

After the accident she had to give up riding and farming.

Get on (well); syn – get along with - if people get on, they like each other and have a friendly relationship with each other. Ладити з

I’ve always got on well with Henry.

 The two boys get on well most of the time.

My parents and I don’t get on.

I think you two would get on well.

She seems to get on with everybody.

Next to - Поруч з

Steve lives next to a lake, so we’ll be able to go swimming.

She sat down next to me without a word.

The baby sleeps in the room next to his parents.

To be injured - поранений

The injured - The injured included three young children.

Two people have been critically injured in an accident.

The injured man was taken to hospital.

Reportedly, several people were seriously injured.

Young Richie was seriously injured while riding his bicycle to school Friday morning.

5. The present perfect tense:

a) By heart and for dictation:

Up to now, up to the present – до цього часу

ever – коли-небудь

never – ніколи

already – вже

yet – ще, вже

not yet – ще не

often - часто

so far –до сих пір, до цього часу, поки

lately – останнім часом, нещодавно, за останній час

just – тільки-но

recently – останнім часом, на днях,нещодавно

many times – багато разів

several times – декілька разів

the first (second, third etc.) time - перший (другий, третій тощо) раз

before – раніше, до цього

today – сьогодні

this week – на цьому тижні, цього тижня

this month – в цьому місяці

this year – в цьому році, цього року

this afternoon – сьогодні вдень

6. by heart and for dictation:

собаки.

b) by heart and for dictation

Present Perfect НІКОЛИ не вживається зі словами, які уточнюють час минулої дії, наприклад:  

1.      Yesterday – вчора

2.      The day before yesterday – позавчора

3.      Last week (month, year) – минулого тижня (місяця, року)

4.      An hour ago – годину тому

5.      Two days ago – два дні тому

6.      On Monday – у понеділок

7.      In July – у липні

8.      In 2001 – у 2001 році

9.      The other day – цими днями

10. А також у запитаннях з питальним словом when

c) The rule

6) Павліченко ex.7 p. 71

Завдання

 1. We can form conditionals by using words/expressions such as unless(Type 1 Conditionals), providing/provided that, so/as long as, on condition (that), what if, suppose/supposing, otherwise (=if not), but for, and, or (else), even if, in case of/in the event of, etc.

e.g.

 

1.   Unless – якщо не; доки (Type I conditionals) можна вживати замість if not. У цьому випадку частка not не потрібна. Unless не вживається в питальних реченнях. У таких випадках треба вживати Present Simple

Unless you help me, I won`t finish on time. (= If you don`t help me, …) - Якщо ви мені не допоможете, я не закінчу вчасно.

 

Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exam.

Unless you practice regularly, you won't become a good musician.

Unless you save money, you won't be able to buy a car.

Unless you exercise daily, you won't be able to maintain good health.

 

Translate:

Якщо ви не припините відкладати (procrastinating), ви не зможете вкластися в крайній термін (meet the deadline).

Якщо ви не навчитеся на своїх помилках, ви не зможете покращити свої навички.

Якщо ви не вибачитеся за свою поведінку, ви не зможете налагодити стосунки (mend the relationship).

Якщо ви не вживете заходів (take action), ви не зможете досягти своїх цілей.

 

2.   Providing/Provided (that) – за умови

I`ll water the plants providing/provided (that) I have time this afternoon. (…if I have time…) Я полью рослини, за умови що у мене буде час сьогодні вдень.

 

I'll lend you my car provided that you promise to drive carefully.

Providing that the weather is good, we can have a picnic in the park tomorrow.

You can stay at my house for the weekend provided that you don't make too much noise.

I'll take you to the movie theater provided that you behave yourself.

Translate:

Якщо у вас є дійсний (valid)паспорт, ви можете подорожувати за кордоном без будь-яких проблем.

Ви можете використовувати мій ноутбук, за умови, що ви не завантажуєте жодного шкідливого (malicious) програмного забезпечення.

Якщо ви погоджуєтеся з нашими умовами та положеннями (terms and conditions), ми можемо підписати договір сьогодні.

Я дозволю тобі грати у відеоігри за умови, що ти спочатку прибереш свою кімнату.

 

3.   As long as/so - тож, якщо; oтже … тому

So/As long as you promise to be back by midnight, you can go to the party. (If you promise …) – То ж, якщо ви обіцяєте повернутися до півночі, ви можете піти на вечірку.

 

You can use the printer so/as long as you don't run out of paper and ink.

So/As long as you respect the rules, you can use the community pool.

So/As long as you don't disturb others, you can listen to music in the library.

So/As long as you wear comfortable shoes, you can go hiking with me.

Translate:

Тож, якщо ви не будете їсти занадто багато шкідливої їжі, ви матимете десерт.

Тож, якщо ви дотримуватиметеся дрес-коду, ви зможете брати участь у весільній церемонії.

Отже, ви можете позичити мою парасольку, якщо повернете її мені у хорошому стані.

Ви отримаєте (have) кусок торта, якщо поділитеся ним з іншими.

 

 

4.   On condition that – за умови, що

He agreed to work Saturdays on condition that he was paid overtime. (… if he was paid …) - Він погодився працювати по суботах за умови оплати понаднормової роботи.

I'll lend you my bicycle on condition that you promise to take good care of it.

You can borrow my book on condition that you return it to me by next week.

We'll hire you for the job on condition that you have at least five years of experience in the field.

I'll let you use my laptop on condition that you don't download any unauthorized software.

Translate:

Ви можете прийти на вечірку за умови, що принесете власні напої.

Я підвезу вас до аеропорту за умови, що ви допоможете мені з грошима на бензин (gas money).

Ви можете користуватися басейном за умови дотримання правил і розпорядку.

Я дозволю тобі залишитися в моєму домі за умови, що ти прибереш за собою і залишиш це місце охайним.

 

 

5.   What if – а якщо…; a що, якщо…;

‘I’ll take Dad`s car tomorrow night.’ ‘What if he needs it?’ (= What will you do if he needs it?) - «Я візьму татову машину завтра ввечері». «А якщо вона йому буде потрібна?»

 

"I'm thinking of getting a tattoo." "What if you don't like it later?"

"I'm planning to move to another city." "What if you miss your friends and family?"

"I'm going to book a flight." "What if the airline cancels your flight?"

"I want to adopt a dog." "What if it doesn't get along with your other pets?"

 

Translate:

«Я думаю кинути (quit) роботу». — А якщо ти не знайдеш іншой?

«Я куплю цю сукню». «А якщо вона тобі не підійде?»

«Я планую подорож». — А якщо машина зламається?

«Я збираюся зробити пропозицію (про шлюб) (propose) своїй дівчині». "А що, якщо вона скаже ні?"

 

 

6.   Suppose/supposing – припустимо

Suppose/Supposing you were fired, what would you do? (= If you were fired, …) - Припустимо/якщо вас звільнять, що б ви зробили?

Suppose/Supposing you won the lottery, what would you do with the money?

Supposing/Suppose you could time travel, which period would you like to visit?

Supposing/Suppose you could have any superpower, what would it be?

What would you do suppose/supposing you were lost in a foreign country without a phone or money?

 

Translate:

Припустимо/якщо завтра піде дощ, що ви будете робити?

Припустимо/якщо у вас був би вільний день, як би ви його провели?

Припустимо/якщо вам дали б мільйон доларів, як би ви його витратили?

Припустимо, що ви могли б їсти лише одну їжу до кінця свого життя, що б це було?

 

7.   Otherwise – інакше

We’d better leave now. Otherwise, we’ll miss our flight. (If we don’t leave now, we’ll miss our flight.) - Нам краще піти зараз. Інакше ми пропустимо наш рейс.

 

You need to wear a helmet, otherwise you could get a ticket.

I must finish this project today, otherwise I won't meet the deadline.

You should put on a coat, otherwise you'll catch a cold.

We need to book the hotel in advance, otherwise there may not be any rooms available.

 

Translate:

Ви повинні зупинитися на червоне світло, інакше ризикуєте потрапити в аварію.

Нам потрібно дістатися до аеропорту раніше, інакше ми пропустимо рейс.

Слід уважно прочитати інструкцію, інакше можна пошкодити виріб.

Мені зараз треба йти, інакше я спізнюся на поїзд.

 

8.   But for - але якби (ти) не

But for your advice, I wouldn’t have been able to solve my problems. (If you hadn’t advised me, …) - Якби не ваша порада, я б не зміг вирішити свої проблеми.

 

But for the bad weather, we would have gone to the beach.

But for your generosity, we wouldn't have been able to afford the trip.

But for the cancellation of the flight, we would have reached our destination earlier.

But for the fire alarm, we wouldn't have known there was a fire in the building.

 

Translate:

Якби не ваша допомога, я б не зміг завершити проект вчасно.

Якби не пробка, я б прибув на зустріч вчасно.

Якби не був дощ, ми б пішли погуляти.

Якби не була знижка, я б не купила цю сукню.

 

9.   And – i

Do that again and I’ll punish you. (if you do that again …) - Зроби це ще раз, і я покараю тебе.

 

Attend all your classes and you'll pass the course.

Respect others' opinions and they will respect yours.

Be prepared for the interview and you'll increase your chances of getting the job.

Save money constantly and you'll have a comfortable retirement.

 

Translate:

Регулярно займайтеся спортом, і ви покращите своє фізичне та психічне здоров’я.

Виконайте проект вчасно, і ви отримаєте бонус.

Читайте щодня, і ви розширите свої знання та словниковий запас.

Попрактикуйтеся на своєму інструменті, і ви зможете грати на концерті.

 

10.                 Or (else )– інакше

Don’t do that again or (else) I’ll punish you. (If you do that again …) - Не роби цього знову, інакше я тебе покараю.

 

Keep your phone on silent during the movie or else you'll be asked to leave the theater.

Stay focused during the meeting or else you'll miss important information.

Get your car inspected on time or else you'll be fined

Stop interrupting the class or else you'll have to leave the room.

 

Translate:

Повертайте бібліотечні книги вчасно, інакше вам доведеться заплатити штраф.

Дотримуйтесь інструкцій, інакше рецепт вийде (turn out) не так, як очікувалося.

Зберігайте тишу під час іспиту, інакше ви заважатимете іншим студентам.

Виконайте завдання до встановленого терміну, інакше ви пропустите можливість.

 

 

11.                 Even if - навіть якби

I wouldn’t go to the party even if they invited me. - Я б не пішов на вечірку, навіть якби вони мене запросили.

Even if it rains, we'll still go on the hike.

I wouldn't eat sushi even if it was the last food on earth.

Even if you offer me a discount, I'm not interested in buying this product.

I'll continue working on my project even if it takes all night.

 

Translate:

Навіть якщо ви будете старанно вчитися, це не гарантує, що ви отримаєте п’ятірку (an A) на тесті.

Я продовжуватиму підтримувати свого друга, навіть якщо він зробить помилку.

Навіть якщо ти вибачишся, я не пробачу тобі за те, що ти зробив.

Я буду продовжувати практикувати свої тенісні навички, навіть якщо я не побачу прогресу негайно.

 

 

12.                 In case of/in the event of – у разі

In case of/in the event of a fire, sound the alarm. (If there is a fire, …) - У разі пожежі, нажміть на пожежну сигналізацію.

In case of a medical emergency, call 911 immediately.

In the event of a natural disaster, follow the evacuation plan provided by local authorities.

In case of a flight delay, the airline will provide passengers with accommodation and meals.

In the event of a cyber attack, the IT team will initiate security protocols to prevent data loss.

 

Translate:

У разі поганої погоди концерт просто неба(outdoor) буде скасовано.

У разі відключення електроенергії (a power outage) використовуйте аварійний генератор.

У разі ДТП викликайте поліцію.

У разі виникнення пожежі необхідно буде негайно залишити будівлю та викликати пожежну службу (department).