Valya

   1. Prefix im – до слів, яки починаються з літер M, P and B

moral → immoral (аморальний)

mobile → immobile (нерухомий)

possible → impossible (неможливий)

polite → impolite (нечемний, неввічливий)

Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the words from the box.

practical, mature, polite(2), practicality, proper, possible, mobile, moral

1. ___ solutions will not solve the problem.
2. The ___ behavior of some individuals can be frustrating to deal with.
3. The ___ behavior of some individuals can create an unpleasant environment for others.
4. The ___ of some ideas can lead to wasted time and resources.
5. The ___ use of medication can have negative effects on the body.
6. It's ___ to interrupt someone when they are speaking.
7. It's ___ to grow plants without sunlight.
8. After breaking his leg, he was ___ and unable to walk for several weeks.
9. It's ___ to cheat on a test or an exam.

2. Make your sentences with the words:

Blame sb for sth

To be bored with sth/sb

To be fed up with sb/sth

3. Read and translate and learn the words by heart:

To head for – прямувати до, (when the speaker wants to emphasize the direction or purpose of the movement)

We need to head for the airport soon or we'll miss our flight.

After work, I usually head for the gym to get some exercise.

She saw her favourite store and immediately headed for the entrance.

In disbelieve – з недовірою

I watched in disbelief as the magician pulled a rabbit out of his hat.

She listened to her friend's story in disbelief, unable to comprehend what she had just heard.

The students stared in disbelief as the teacher announced they had no homework for the weekend.

To be married to -  бути одруженим, бути заміжньою

She is a successful businesswoman, married to a supportive and loving husband.

He is married to his job and works long hours every day.

She was surprised to find out that her new boss is married to her ex-boyfriend.

To occur to sb - if something occurs to you, you suddenly think of it; спадати на думкую

It never occurred to him that his actions could have such a negative impact on others.

It occurs to me that we might need more food for the party, I'll make a trip to the grocery store.

It didn't occur to her that she had left her phone at home until she arrived at work.

On the train - коли ми говоримо про рух або пребування на поїзді.

The scenery outside was breathtaking as we travelled on the train through the countryside. (movement)

She fell asleep on the train (location)

I saw a beautiful sunset on the train ride home.

She met her future husband on the train during a trip to the city.

To be typical of sb – властиво, типово

It's typical of him to arrive late for every meeting.

It's typical of the weather to be unpredictable this time of year.

Her behaviour is typical of someone who is stressed and overwhelmed.

It's typical of the government to make promises they can't keep.

To be unsure of/about sth – бути невпевненим у чомусь

I was unsure of the reaction I would get.

Like many men, deep down he was unsure of himself.

She's unsure of what to do next now that (зараз, коли) she's graduated from college.

4. The rule

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

Утворюється з допоміжного дієслова  HAD + Vз

Скорочені форми:

I had – I’d

You had – you’d etc. 

     Виражає дію

1.   яка закінчилась до певного моменту у минулому, або до початку іншої минулої дії (у Past Simple). (Можна сказати, що Past Perfect - це аналог Present Perfect, тільки для минулого. Якщо в Present Perfect дія відбулась до моменту мовлення, то в Past Perfect - до деякого моменту в минулому.)

Певний момент позначається такими словосполученнями:

By two o’clock – до другої години

By that time – до того часу

By the first of September – до першого вересня

By Saturday – до суботи

By the end of the year – до кінця року

By 2001 -  до 2001 року

By the time you came

Before he rang

When they arrived

e.g. He had decorated the building by Monday

       We had already received the telegram when they arrived. (Коли вони приїхали, ми вже                одержали телеграму.)

 

2.   яка закінчилась у минулому і ми бачимо її результат теж у минулому.

She was upset because she had lost her purse (Вона загубила гаманець у минулому і як результат – була засмучена теж у минулому)

The girl had found her umbrella so she was very glad. (дівчинка знайшла парасольку у минулому і, як результат – була рада теж у минулому

Note: Не плутати з Present Perfect!

The girl is upset because she has lost her purse ( вона загубила гаманець у минулому, а результат у теперішньому часі)

The girl has found her umbrella so she is very glad. (дівчина знайшла парасольку у минулому, а результат у теперішньому часі)

 

Past Perfect вживається з такими же словами, як і Present Perfect - already, yet, ever, never.

By the time I got home, my aunt had already left.

 

Примітка 1: якщо дії відбуваються послідовно, одна за одною, дієслова вживаються в Past Simple.

I opened the door, closed it and went into the bathroom.

 

Примітка 2: У складнопідрядному реченні із сполучниками after – після того як і before – перед тим як, перш ніж, коли немає потреби наголошувати, що одна дія передує іншій, і в підрядному, і в головному реченнях вживається Past Simple

He went on with his work after he had a short rest.

He had a short rest before he went on with his work.

 

Попрацюємо з реченням:

                         By six o'clock on Sunday I had learned all the words.

 

1. Negative sentence.

By six o'clock on Sunday I hadn’t learned all the words.

 

2. General question.

Had I learned all the words by six o'clock on Sunday? Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t.

 

3. General-negative question.

a) Hadn’t I learned all the words by six o'clock on Sunday?

b) Had I not learned all the words by six o'clock on Sunday?

 

4. Alternative question.

Had I learned all the words or poems by six o'clock on Sunday?

 

5. Disjunctive (Tail, Tag) question.

By six o'clock on Sunday I had learned all the words, hadn’t I?

By six o'clock on Sunday I hadn’t learned all the words, had I?

 

6. Special questions.

How many words had I learnt by six o'clock on Sunday?

What had I done  by six o'clock on Sunday?

By what time had I learnt all the words on Sunday?

Who had learnt all the words by six o`clock on Sunday

5. Павліченко exs. 2,3 pp 114-115