Valya

1.Suffix -en  -

1 [in adjectives] made of a particular material or substance

 a golden crown

 wooden seats

2 [in verbs] to make something have a particular quality

 to darken (=make or become dark)

 to strengthen (=make or become stronger)

 Read and translate:

1.   "The ice cubes will harden when you put them in the freezer."

2.   "If you heat the butter, it will soften and be easier to spread."

3.   "To reach the shelf, we need to lengthen the ladder."

4.   "Leaving the metal out in the rain can weaken it over time."

5.   "He used a hammer to widen the hole in the wall."

6.   "Please shorten the rope so it's not dragging on the ground."

7.   "She used a rolling pin to flatten the dough for cookies."

8.   "The sun will brighten the room when it rises in the morning."

9.   "The riverbank will deepen as the water flows through."

10.                 "Regular exercise can strengthen your muscles and improve your health." 

2. Read and translate

 We can form conditionals by using words/expressions such as unless(Type 1 Conditinals), providing/provided that, so/as long as, on condition (that), what if, suppose/supposing, otherwise (=if not), but for, and, or (else), even if, in case of/in the event of, etc.

e.g.

 

1.   Unless – якщо не; доки не (Type I conditionals) можна вживати замість if not. У цьому випадку частка not не потрібна. Unless не вживається в питальних реченнях. У таких випадках треба вживати Present Simple

Unless you help me, I won`t finish on time. (= If you don`t help me, …) - Якщо ви мені не допоможете, я не закінчу вчасно.

 Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exam.

Unless you practice regularly, you won't become a good musician.

Unless you save money, you won't be able to buy a car.

Unless you exercise daily, you won't be able to maintain good health.

  Providing/Provided (that) – за умови

I`ll water the plants providing (that) /provided (that) I have time this afternoon. (…if I have time…) Я полью рослини, за умови що у мене буде час сьогодні вдень.

 I'll lend you my car provided that you promise to drive carefully.

Providing that the weather is good, we can have a picnic in the park tomorrow.

You can stay at my house for the weekend provided that you don't make too much noise.

I'll take you to the movie theater provided that you behave yourself.

As long as/so - тож, якщо;  oтже … тому

So/As long as you promise to be back by midnight, you can go to the party. (If you promise …) – То ж, якщо ви обіцяєте повернутися до півночі, ви можете піти на вечірку.

 You can use the printer so/as long as you don't run out of paper and ink.

So/As long as you respect the rules, you can use the community pool.

So/As long as you don't disturb others, you can listen to music in the library.

So/As long as you wear comfortable shoes, you can go hiking with me.

On condition that – за умови, що

He agreed to work Saturdays on condition that he was paid overtime. (… if he was paid …) - Він погодився працювати по суботах за умови оплати понаднормової роботи.

I'll lend you my bicycle on condition that you promise to take good care of it.

You can borrow my book on condition that you return it to me by next week.

We'll hire you for the job on condition that you have at least five years of experience in the field.

I'll let you use my laptop on condition that you don't download any unauthorized software.

What if – а якщо…; a що, якщо…;

‘I’ll take Dad`s car tomorrow night.’ ‘What if he needs it?’ (= What will you do if he needs it?) - «Я візьму татову машину завтра ввечері». «А якщо вона йому буде потрібна?»

 "I'm thinking of getting a tattoo." "What if you don't like it later?"

"I'm planning to move to another city." "What if you miss your friends and family?"

"I'm going to book a flight." "What if the airline cancels your flight?"

"I want to adopt a dog." "What if it doesn't get along with your other pets?"

   Suppose/supposing – припустимо

Suppose/Supposing you were fired, what would you do? (= If you were fired, …) - Припустимо/якщо вас звільнять, що б ви зробили?

Suppose/Supposing you won the lottery, what would you do with the money?

Supposing/Suppose you could time travel, which period would you like to visit?

Supposing/Suppose you could have any superpower, what would it be?

What would you do suppose/supposing you were lost in a foreign country without a phone or money?

 Otherwise – інакше

We’d better leave now. Otherwise, we’ll miss our flight. (If we don’t leave now, we’ll miss our flight.) - Нам краще піти зараз. Інакше ми пропустимо наш рейс.You need to wear a helmet, otherwise you could get a ticket.

I must finish this project today, otherwise I won't meet the deadline.

You should put on a coat, otherwise, you'll catch a cold.

We need to book the hotel in advance, otherwise there may not be any rooms available.

 But for - але якби (ти) не

But for your advice, I wouldn’t have been able to solve my problems. (If you hadn’t advised me, …) - Якби не ваша порада, я б не зміг вирішити свої проблеми.

 But for the bad weather, we would have gone to the beach.

But for your generosity, we wouldn't have been able to afford the trip.

But for the cancellation of the flight, we would have reached our destination earlier.

But for the fire alarm, we wouldn't have known there was a fire in the building.

 And – i

Do that again and I’ll punish you. (if you do that again …) - Зроби це ще раз, і я покараю тебе.

 Attend all your classes and you'll pass the course.

Respect others' opinions and they will respect yours.

Be prepared for the interview and you'll increase your chances of getting the job.

Save money constantly and you'll have a comfortable retirement.

 Or (else )– інакше

Don’t do that again or (else) I’ll punish you. (If you do that again …) - Не роби цього знову, інакше я тебе покараю.

 Keep your phone on silent during the movie or else you'll be asked to leave the theater.

Stay focused during the meeting or else you'll miss important information.

Get your car inspected on time or else you'll be fined

Stop interrupting the class or else you'll have to leave the room.

 Even if - навіть якби

I wouldn’t go to the party even if they invited me. - Я б не пішов на вечірку, навіть якби вони мене запросили.

 Even if it rains, we'll still go on the hike.

I wouldn't eat sushi even if it was the last food on earth.

Even if you offer me a discount, I'm not interested in buying this product.

I'll continue working on my project even if it takes all night.

   In case of/in the event of – у разі

In case of/in the event of a fire, sound the alarm. (If there is a fire, …) - У разі пожежі, нажміть на пожежну сигналізацію.

In case of a medical emergency, call 911 immediately.

In the event of a natural disaster, follow the evacuation plan provided by local authorities.

In case of a flight delay, the airline will provide passengers with accommodation and meals.

In the event of a cyber attack, the IT team will initiate security protocols to prevent data loss.

3. Irregular verbs + bear