Завдання

 1. Prefix de/diː, dɪ/ - вживається для того, щоб придати певному слову значення відходу, усунення чогось, зворотніх процесів.

1 shows an opposite

 deindustrialization (=becoming less industrial)

2 shows that something is removed

 Debone the fish (=remove its bones).

 The king was dethroned (=removed from power).

3 shows that something is reduced

 The government have devalued the currency.

(Уряд девальвував валюту.)

Decode - Розшифрувати

Defrost - Розморозити

Devalue – знецінити, девальвувати  

Deactivate - Вимкнути

Dehydrate – зневоднитися, висушити

Decompose – Розкладатися

Deconstruct - Розібрати на частини, деконструювати

Deselect - Відміняти вибір, скасувати вибір

deforestation – вирубка лісів

decentralization – децентралізація

dethrone – усувати, скидати з престолу

demotivate – демотивувати

degrade – погіршувати, знижувати, принижувати

 

Translate:

1. I need to decode the secret message to understand its meaning.
2. Don't forget to defrost the chicken before cooking it for dinner.
3. The economic crisis devalued the currency, making imports more expensive.
4. Please remember to deactivate the alarm system before entering the building.
5. Leaving fruits out in the sun will cause them to dehydrate and become dried.
6. A partly decomposed body was found late Saturday.
7. The architect plans to deconstruct the old building and create a modern design.
8. Remember to deselect the unwanted files before initiating the download.
9. Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest.
10. The process of administrative decentralization began in 2015.
11. The reigning champion was dethroned by a new, talented athlete in the final match.
12. She was very demotivated by being told she had little chance of being promoted.
13. Pollution can degrade the quality of air, water, and soil, harming the environment.

2. Read, translate and learn the words by heart:

To cling (clung, clung) onto/to sb/sth - чіплятися, триматися

I clung on to his hand in the dark. He clung on to power for ten more years.

Ursula was clinging to the belief that Samantha would soon be released. Some children were sobbing and clinging to their mothers. Crossing the bridge, she felt dizzy and clung to the rails.

To deal with sb/sth– мати справу, займатися з ким-небудь; займатися чим-небудь

I usually deal with the accounts department. She's used to dealing with foreign customers. Can you deal with this gentleman's complaint?

 

The council has failed to deal with the problem of homelessness in the city. Most travel agents do not deal directly with these companies. For a while I had no idea how to deal with the situation. I chose this job because I like having to deal with new challenges every day.

To get rid of sth/sb - позбавлятися чогось або когось

We must get rid of some of those old books. She was useless at her job so we had to get rid of her.

 

I can’t get rid of this headache. Are you trying to get rid of me? Governments should be encouraged to get rid of all nuclear weapons.

I can’t get rid of this cough. He opened the windows to get rid of the smell. It can be difficult for schools to get rid of poor teachers.

Lead to sth - приводити до чогось, викликати що-небудь

A poor diet can lead to health problems in later life. That path leads to the beach.

There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness. A reward was offered for information leading to an arrest. Alan Turing’s work led onto the development of modern computers.

To result in sth – призвести до чогось

The improvements in training resulted in increased wins.

Fifty per cent of road accidents result in head injuries.

 

Workers fear that the company's reorganization will result in layoffs. A sudden change in temperature will inevitably result in rain. The crash resulted in the deaths of 14 passengers.

Restricted to (an area) – дозволено, призначено

The use of cellphones during class is restricted to emergencies only.
The event is restricted to individuals aged 18 and above.

 

Access to the VIP lounge is restricted to members and their guests.

The advanced training program is restricted to employees with at least three years of experience. The use of this equipment is restricted to trained professionals only.

Terrified of sth - This word indicates an extreme and intense fear. Дуже сильно боятися чогось

I'm terrified of the dark. The little girl was terrified of the barking dog and clung to her mother for safety.

I was terrified of spiders, so I screamed and ran out of the room when I saw one crawling on the wall. I'm terrified of heights, so I avoid going on tall buildings or roller coasters. The haunted house at the amusement park had actors dressed as monsters, and it terrified many visitors.

3. The rule

Relative Clauses

(підрядні речення)

with relative pronouns - who/that/which

The man who lives next door is very friendly.

who lives next door – relative clause

A relative clause tells us:

a)  Which person or thing the speaker means:

The man who lives next door… (who lives next door tells us which man)

b) What kind of person or thing the speaker means:

People who live in London can shop at famous department stores like Harrods and Selfridges. (who live in London tells us what kind of people)

Who

вказує тільки на людей, інколи на хатніх тварин (не використовуй в тестах).

I met a man. He can speak six languages.

he → who

I met a man who can speak six languages.

This is my cat. He ate my breakfast.

he → who

This is my cat who ate my breakfast.

I know a lot of people. They live in London.

                                                 they → who

I know a lot of people who live in London

Так же можливо вживати that замість who (але не завжди)

The man that lives next door is very friendly

 

That (which)

Вказує  на тварин, предмети та явища.

This is a bus. It goes to your city.

                                                  It → that

This is the bus that goes to your city.

Where are the eggs? They were in the fridge

                                                   they → that

Where are the eggs that were in the fridge?

Замість that можна також вживати which (але не для людей)

Where are the eggs which were in the fridge?

This is the bus which goes to your city.

 4. Exercise:

Make one sentence from two. Use who/that/which. Follow the example: A bus goes to the airport. It runs every hour. -

The bus that (which) goes to the airport runs every hour.

 

1. The girl is my best friend. She always makes me laugh.
2. The book is very interesting. I am reading it right now.
3. The dog is very friendly. It loves to play fetch.
4. The car is fast. It won the race.
5. The house is old. It has a beautiful garden.
6. The movie is a comedy. It made me laugh a lot.
7. The computer is new. It has a lot of storage space.
8. The cake is delicious. It was made by my mom.
9. The painting is beautiful. It was created by a famous artist.
10. The restaurant is popular. It serves amazing food.

5.Summer holidays

Did you have a fun summer break? What did you do during your holidays?

Where did you go for your summer vacation?

Did you visit any interesting places or travel somewhere new? Can you tell me about them?

Did you spend time with your family or friends during the holidays? What activities did you do together?

Were there any special events or celebrations that you took part in over the summer?

Did you try any new activities, hobbies, or sports during your break? How did you like them?

Did you have a favorite day or moment from your summer holidays? What made it special?

What was the most exciting thing you did or experienced over the summer?

Did you read any interesting books, watch any movies, or play any games during your free time?

How did you feel about going back home after the summer break? Was there anything you were looking forward to?