Завдання а

 1. Голіцинський the rules p. 19

2. Viber 

Завдання а

 1. Голіцинський the rule p. 18

2. Viber

3 Revise all tenses

Завдання м

 

Ability
Modal Verbs	Use	Examples
Can (можу, вмію)         Be able to (зможе, у змозі)	Ability in the present or future (фізична або розумова здатність, вміння або можливість виконати дію   Бути спроможним щось виконати	Can you play the guitar?         When you graduate, you will be able to get a job.   He is able to do it.
Could (вмів, міг)     Was/were able to (був у змозі, міг)	Could expresses general ability in the past   Was/were able to expresses ability in a particular situation in the past.	She could skate when she was five.     Jack could swim, so he was able to save the boy from drowning.
Obligation/Duty/ Necessity
Must (повинен, мусиш, треба)                           Have to (треба, мушу, маю, доведеться)                             Had to           Need	When the speaker decides that he or someone else is obliged to do sth     Duty       Order         Obligation comes from external factors. not from the speaker’s opinion or feelings.   It is necessary to do sth                       Obligation in the past           Necessity  (є, або немає необхідності у чомусь)	I must repair the roof before winter comes. (I decided) You must get up early tomorrow. (I decided)   You must listen to your teacher. Must I learn it by heart? (чи повинен? чи треба? ти наполягаєш?)   Tomorrow you must come to school at eight.     Police officers have to wear a uniform. (regulation – правило, норма)   I have to see my dentist tomorrow. (I have an appointment)   Do I have to tidy my room? (Is it necessary?}   Compare: I must finish the report by tomorrow. (I decided) I have to finish the report by tomorrow. (The teacher decided)   When I was at school. I had to wake up at 7 o’clock every morning   She needs a new pair of gloves. Do I need to take an umbrella? Need I take an umbrella?

 

Logical Assumptions (Deduction)
Must	Positive deduction about the present or future. (We are sure that something is true)	John must be at the dentist’s: he was complaining about toothache. She's wearing a wedding ring. She must be married.
Can’t/couldn’t	Negative deduction about the present or future. (We are almost sure that something is not true)	The 6.30 train to Liverpool can’t be leaving yet: it’s only 6:10. The lights are off in the house. They can't/ couldn’t be home yet.

 

Prohibition
Mustn’t Can’t	It is forbidden to do sth/you are not allowed to do sth/it is against the rules/law to do sth	We mustn’t enter this room. You can’t use this equipment. You mustn’t smoke in this area.

Завдання я

 1.Clauses of Purpose

are introduced with the following words and expressions.

1.   To - infinitive

She went shopping to look for new clothes.

Вона пішла по магазинах шукати новий одяг.

2.   In order to/so as to + infinitive

In order not to/ so as not to + infinitive (щоб) (formal)

He did a postgraduate course in order to/so as to widen his knowledge of international politics.

Він закінчив аспірантуру, щоб розширити свої знання з міжнародної політики.

He wrote the number down in order not to /so as not to forget it.

Він записав номер, щоб не забути його.

3.   So that sb can/will do sth (refer to the present or future) (щоб)

Emma has booked a first-class ticket so that she can \will (travel in comfort.

Емма забронювала квиток у першому класі, щоб подорожувати з комфортом.

So that sb could/would do sth (refers to the past)

He recorded the match so that he could watch it later.

Він записав матч, щоб потім подивитися.

Note: in order that sb can/will/could/would do sth has the same structure as so that. However, it is not used very often as it is formal

We will send you the forms in order that you can make your application.

Ми надішлемо вам форми, щоб ви могли подати заявку.

4.   In case + present tense (future or present reference) у випадку

Take your credit card in case you run out of cash.

Візьміть свою кредитну картку, на випадок, якщо у вас закінчиться готівка.

In case + past tense (past reference) у випадку

  He took a jumper in case it got cold

Він взяв джемпер, у випадку, якщо похолодає.

Note: ‘in case’ is never used with will or would

5.   For + noun (when we want to express the purpose of an action)

We went to the doctor’s for a check-up.

Ми пішли до лікаря на обстеження.

6.   For + ing form (when we want to express the purpose or function of sth)

We use a spade for digging.

Ми використовуємо лопату для копання.

7.   With a view to (doing) sth з метою

We bought the house with a view to retiring there.

Ми купили будинок з метою (щоб) жити там на пенсії.

 

 We can express negative purpose by using:

a)   to prevent + noun/pronoun + (from) + ing form

(to prevent sb from doing sth) запобігати, перешкоджати

She covered the sofa with a sheet to prevent it (from) getting dirty.

Вона накрила диван простирадлом, щоб він не забруднився.

b)  to avoid + ing form уникати

They set off early in the morning to avoid getting stuck in traffic.

Вони вирушили рано вранці, щоб не потрапити в пробку.

c)    for fear (that)+ might/would через страх(того)

We didn’t turn on the lights for fear we might be seen.

Ми не вмикали світло, боячись, що нас можуть побачать.

d)  for fear that через страх(того)

She finally ran away for fear that he would kill her.

Зрештою вона втекла, боячись, що він її вб’є.

e)   for fear of doing sth через страх

He got to the station early, for fear of missing her.

Він прийшов на станцію рано, боячись пропустити її.

2. Viber

Завдання я

 1.  Clauses of Purpose

are introduced with the following words and expressions.

1.   To - infinitive

She went shopping to look for new clothes.

Вона пішла по магазинах шукати новий одяг.

2.   In order to/so as to + infinitive

In order not to/ so as not to + infinitive (щоб) (formal)

He did a postgraduate course in order to/so as to widen his knowledge of international politics.

Він закінчив аспірантуру, щоб розширити свої знання з міжнародної політики.

He wrote the number down in order not to /so as not to forget it.

Він записав номер, щоб не забути його.

3.   So that sb can/will do sth (refer to the present or future) (щоб)

Emma has booked a first-class ticket so that she can \will (travel in comfort.

Емма забронювала квиток у першому класі, щоб подорожувати з комфортом.

So that sb could/would do sth (refers to the past)

He recorded the match so that he could watch it later.

Він записав матч, щоб потім подивитися.

Note: in order that sb can/will/could/would do sth has the same structure as so that. However, it is not used very often as it is formal

We will send you the forms in order that you can make your application.

Ми надішлемо вам форми, щоб ви могли подати заявку.

4.   In case + present tense (future or present reference) у випадку

Take your credit card in case you run out of cash.

Візьміть свою кредитну картку, на випадок, якщо у вас закінчиться готівка.

In case + past tense (past reference) у випадку

  He took a jumper in case it got cold

Він взяв джемпер, у випадку, якщо похолодає.

Note: ‘in case’ is never used with will or would

5.   For + noun (when we want to express the purpose of an action)

We went to the doctor’s for a check-up.

Ми пішли до лікаря на обстеження.

6.   For + ing form (when we want to express the purpose or function of sth)

We use a spade for digging.

Ми використовуємо лопату для копання.

7.   With a view to (doing) sth з метою

We bought the house with a view to retiring there.

Ми купили будинок з метою (щоб) жити там на пенсії.

2. Viber

Завдання м

 1. the rule

Obligation/Duty/ Necessity
Must (повинен, мусиш, треба)                      Have to (треба, мушу, маю, доведеться)                            Had to           Need	When the speaker decides that he or someone else is obliged to do sth     Duty       Order         Obligation comes from external factors. not from the speaker’s opinion or feelings.   It is necessary to do sth                       Obligation in the past           Necessity  (є, або немає необхідності у чомусь)	I must repair the roof before winter comes. (I decided) You must get up early tomorrow. (I decided)   You must listen to your teacher. Must I learn it by heart? (чи повинен? чи треба? ти наполягаєш?)   Tomorrow you must come to school at eight.     Police officers have to wear a uniform. (regulation – правило, норма)   I have to see my dentist tomorrow. (I have an appointment)   Do I have to tidy my room? (Is it necessary?}   Compare: I must finish the report by tomorrow. (I decided) I have to finish the report by tomorrow. (The teacher decided)   When I was at school. I had to wake up at 7 o’clock every morning   She needs a new pair of gloves. Do I need to take an umbrella? Need I take an umbrella?

Завдання а

 1. Голіцинський the rule p. 17

2.  Viber

Valya

 1.  GB Punctuation in Direct Speech p.30

2. GB ex. 13 p. 112

3. Revise introductory verbs.

Завдання я

 1.  Clauses of Purpose

are introduced with the following words and expressions.

1.   To - infinitive

She went shopping to look for new clothes.

Вона пішла по магазинах шукати новий одяг.

2.   In order to/so as to + infinitive

In order not to/ so as not to + infinitive (щоб) (formal)

He did a postgraduate course in order to/so as to widen his knowledge of international politics.

Він закінчив аспірантуру, щоб розширити свої знання з міжнародної політики.

He wrote the number down in order not to /so as not to forget it.

Він записав номер, щоб не забути його.

3.   So that sb can/will do sth (refer to the present or future) (щоб)

Emma has booked a first-class ticket so that she can \will (travel in comfort.

Емма забронювала квиток у першому класі, щоб подорожувати з комфортом.

So that sb could/would do sth (refers to the past)

He recorded the match so that he could watch it later.

Він записав матч, щоб потім подивитися.

2. Viber ex 27

Завдання м

 1. Modal verbs (Viber)

2. The rule

Ability
Modal Verbs	Use	Examples
Can (можу, вмію)         Be able to (зможе, у змозі)	Ability in the present or future (фізична або розумова здатність, вміння або можливість виконати дію   Бути спроможним щось виконати	Can you play the guitar?         When you graduate, you will be able to get a job.   He is able to do it.
Could (вмів, міг)     Was/were able to (був у змозі, міг)	Could expresses general ability in the past   Was/were able to expresses ability in a particular situation in the past.	She could skate when she was five.     Jack could swim, so he was able to save the boy from drowning.

Завдання а

 1. Голіцинський p. 16 - the rule

2. Павліченко exs. 19. 20 p. 151

3. Future tenses

4 Read, translate and learn the words by heart

Gear /ɡɪər/(uncountable, singular) - the clothes and equipment used for a particular purpose спорядження, приладдя;

sports/swimming gear

I've left all my gear at home.

He’s crazy about photography – he’s got all the gear.

 We’ll need some camping gear.

rave gear - одяг для рейверів (для вечірок)

a wallet ['wɔlɪt] a small, flat container for paper money and credit cards (= plastic cards used for paying with), usually used by a man; гаманець   (purse)

He took a credit card out of his wallet.

I remembered that in the school bag there was my wallet with $100 in it, and all my anatomy textbooks.

I’ve only got about £10 in my wallet.

to head (for, towards, back); head north (west, east, south) – to go in a particular direction; прямувати до

He headed straight for (= went towards) the fridge.

The ship was heading for Cuba.

She headed towards the library.

Let's head back home.

We headed south towards the capital.

Harrods ['hærədz] "Харродз" (один із найфешенебельніших і найдорожчих універсальних магазинів Лондона)

Harvey Nichols [,hɑːvɪ'nɪkəlz] "Харві Ніколз" (фешенебельний універмаг у Лондоні в районі Найтсбрідж)

Exclusive /ɪksˈkluːsɪv/ - expensive and only for people who are rich or of a high social class; ексклюзивний, привілейований

 They have an apartment in a very exclusive part of the town.

Our figure skating club has exclusive use of the rink on Mondays.

His mother has told ‘The Times’ about his death in an exclusive interview

Bohemian /bəʊˈhiːmiən/ - typical of artists, musicians, etc, who live in a more informal way than most people; богемний

He organized a real bohemian club for intellectuals, artists and wealthy collectors.

To complete the look, add a bohemian scarf - silk with embroidery.

She spent most of her life in Europe, enjoying a bohemian life in Paris in the early 1920s.

To squeeze - to move somewhere where there is very little space; to press something firmly протиснутися, стискати, вичавлювати

Squeeze a bit of lemon juice onto the fish.

He had squeezed through a gap in the fence.

One of the woman's shoulders was squeezed between the two doors.

The house was squeezed between 2 buildings.

Entire Trakai town is squeezed between multiple lakes and therefore is long and narrow.

Clean (sth/sb)up - to make a person or place clean and tidy; привести до ладу, прибрати, очистити

We have to clean up before we leave.

Let me just go clean myself up.

The authorities plan to clean the beaches up.

To gurgle - булькати, гукати, дзюрчати

The washing machine gurgled as it changed cycles.

We could hear the stream gurgling down in the valley.

Water gurgled through the pipes.

Pavement - a path by the side of a road that people walk on; дорожне покриття, тротуар

It's illegal to park on the pavement.

A small group of journalists waited on the pavement outside her house.

What annoys me is that everyone parks on the pavement in front of our house.

In order to do sth - для того, щоб зробити щось

She worked all summer in order to save enough money for a holiday.

Samuel trained every day in order to improve his performance.

 In order to understand how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry.

Experience [uncountable] - knowledge that you get from doing a job, or from doing, seeing, or feeling something; досвід

I had some experience in fashion design.

Do you have any previous experience of this type of work?

We’re looking for someone with experience as a teacher.

An experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ [countable]   - something that happens to you that affects how you feel; враження, переживання

My trip to Australia was an experience I'll never forget.

Failing an exam was a new experience for me.

 I had a similar experience last year.

Despite - незважаючи на

I'm still pleased with the house despite all the problems we've had.

He still loves her, despite the fact that she left him.

Despite all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it.