Завдання а

 1. The rule

Reported Speech

Якщо слова автора стоять в одному з теперішніх чи майбутніх часів, то прі перетворенні прямої мови в непряму , час дієслова не змінюється:

He says, “We have written a test”

He says (that) they have written a test.

Якщо слова автора стоять в одному з минулих часів, то прі перетворенні прямої мови в непряму , час дієслова змінюється відповідно до правил узгодження часів (Sequence of Tenses), а саме:

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Present Simple:                                             → He said,”We write tests once a week.”   He said, “I know it.”	Past Simple: He said (that) they wrote tests once a week.   He said (that) he knew that.
Present Continuous:      → He said, “ We are writing a test”   “I am working,” said she.	Past Continuous: He said (that) they were writing a test. She said (that) she was working.
Present Perfect               → He said, “ We have written a test”   He said, “I have translated the text.”	Past Perfect He said (that) they had written a test. He said (that) he had translated the text.
Present Perfect Continuous    → “I have been working since 8 o’clock,” she said.	Past Perfect Continuous She said (that) she had been working since 8 o’clock.
Past Simple He said, “We wrote a test” He said,”I saw her there.”   BUT якщо час виконання дії точно зазначено, то Past Simple залишається без змін. Past Simple               →  He said, “ I finished school in 2020”!!!!!! (точна дата! 100% Past Simple!)   “I saw her in May,” he said.	Past Perfect He said that they had written a test. He said (that) he had seen her there.   BUT       Past Simple He said he finished school in 2020.       He said (that) he saw her in May
Past Continuous       → He said, ‘We were writing a test at school” She said, “I was reading.” BUT якщо час виконання дії точно зазначено, то Past Continuous залишається без змін. Past Continuous      → He said, "I was studying when she called me." She said, “We were listening to the radio at 7.”	Past Perfect Continuous He said that they had been writing a test at school. She said (that) she had been reading. BUT       Past Continuous He said that he was studying when she called him. She said (that) they were listening to tha radio at 7.
All Future Forms -  will → would He said, “ we will write  a test” He said, “I will be working as a sales assistant from November to December.” She said, “I’ll have read the book by Monday.”	Will → would He said they would write a test. He said he would be working as a sales assistant from November to December. She said (that) she would have read the book by Monday.

 

Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous remain the same.

Past Perfect

The pupils said, “We had finished our work by 5 o’clock. – The pupils said (that) they had finished their work by 5 o’clock.

Past Perfect Continuous

“At that time I had been working at the plant for three years,” he said.

He said (that) he had been working at the plant for three years.

 

Some words and time expressions change according to the meaning of the sentence:

Here (тут) → there (там)

This month (цей) → that month(той)

These days (ці) → those days (ті)

Примітка: 1. Коли this(that), these (those) є прикметниками (стоять перед іменниками), то вони змінюються на the

Dan told me,” This film is boring.”

Dan told me that the film was boring.

2. Коли this(that), these (those) є займенниками (не стоять перед іменниками, то вони змінюються на it or they/them

Dad said, “This is an unusual situation”

Dad said (that) it was an unusual situation.

Now (зараз) → then (тоді), at the time, immediately

At the moment (в цей момент) → at that moment (в той момент)

Today (сьогодні) → that day (в той день)

Tonight → that night

Yesterday (вчора) → the day before, the previous day (минулого, попереднього дня)

Tomorrow (завтра) → the next day (наступного дня), the following day

Ago (до) → before (перед)

Two days ago → two days before

Last month →  the month before, the previous month, previously

Next month  → the next month, the month after, the following month

The day after tomorrow → two days later

Come → go

Часи не змінюються в непрямій мові:

1.    Якщо слова автора стоять в the present simple, future or present perfect.

She says, “ I work at school”

She says that she works at school.

2.    коли оратор повідомляє щось через короткий час після того, як це було сказано ( up-to-date reporting)

     Mum said, “There is plenty of food in the fridge now.”

      Mum said there is plenty of food in the fridge now.

“I am going shopping tomorrow,” said Tim to Ben. →

→ Ben immediately called Lucy and said, “Tim said he is going shopping tomorrow.”

3.    умовні речення другого та третього типів залишаються без змін.

Rob said, “ If the weather were fine, I would go for a walk”.

Rob said that if the weather were fine, he would go for a walk.

4.    Якщо пряма мова є загальновідомої правдою, законом природи (За бажанням можна змінити)

      The teacher said, “There are seven days in a week.”

    The teacher said that there are seven days in a week.

2. The rule - Viber